Mitundu Yodziwika ya Mat ndi Nsalu za Glass Fiber

Magalasi a Ulusi wa Galasi

1.Mat Yodulidwa ndi Zingwe (CSM)Kuyenda kwa ulusi wagalasi(nthawi zina kuyendayenda mosalekeza) kumadulidwa m'litali la 50mm, mwachisawawa koma mofanana kumayikidwa pa lamba wa conveyor mesh. Kenako chomangira cha emulsion chimayikidwa, kapena chomangira cha ufa chimapakidwa fumbi, ndipo nsaluyo imatenthedwa ndikukonzedwa kuti ipange mphasa yodulidwa. CSM imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokonza ndi manja, kupanga mapanelo mosalekeza, kupanga ma die molding, ndi njira za SMC (Sheet Molding Compound). Zofunikira pa khalidwe la CSM ndi izi:

• Kulemera kwa dera lofanana m'lifupi.
• Kugawa kwa ulusi wodulidwa mofanana pamwamba pa mphasa popanda malo otseguka, ndi kugawa kwa ulusi wofanana.
• Mphamvu ya mphasa youma pang'ono.
• Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri onyowetsa utomoni ndi kulowa mkati.

2.Mpando Wosalekeza wa Filament (CFM)Ulusi wagalasi wopitilira womwe umapangidwa panthawi yojambula kapena kuchotsedwa kuchokera ku mapaketi oyendayenda umayikidwa mu chithunzi cha nambala eyiti pa lamba wa mesh woyenda mosalekeza ndikulumikizidwa ndi chomangira cha ufa. Popeza ulusi wa CFM ndi wopitilira, umapereka mphamvu yabwino kuzinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuposa CSM. Umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu pultrusion, RTM (Resin Transfer Molding), pressure bag molding, ndi GMT (Glass Mat Reinforced Thermoplastics).

3.Mat Yophimba PamwambaZipangizo za FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) nthawi zambiri zimafuna utomoni wochuluka pamwamba, womwe nthawi zambiri umapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito utomoni wa galasi lapakati (C-glass). Popeza utomoniwu umapangidwa kuchokera ku C-glass, umapatsa FRP kukana mankhwala, makamaka kukana asidi. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kuonda kwake komanso kukula kwake kwa utomoni wochepa, umatha kuyamwa utomoni wambiri kuti upange utomoni wochuluka, kuphimba kapangidwe ka zinthu zolimbitsa utomoni wa galasi (monga kuluka kozungulira) ndikutumikira ngati kumaliza pamwamba.

4.Mat Yopanda SinganoZingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: Chopped Fiber Needled Mat ndi Continuous Filament Needled Mat.

•  Mat Yodulidwa Yopanda UlusiAmapangidwa podula ulusi wagalasi m'litali la 50mm, ndikuuyika mwachisawawa pa substrate yomwe idayikidwa kale pa lamba wonyamulira, kenako n’kuupaka ndi singano zokhala ndi minga. Masinganowo amakankhira ulusi wodulidwawo mu substrate, ndipo minga imakwezanso ulusi wina, ndikupanga kapangidwe ka miyeso itatu. Substrate yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ikhoza kukhala nsalu yolukidwa bwino yagalasi kapena ulusi wina. Mtundu uwu wa mphasa yokhala ndi singano uli ndi kapangidwe kofanana ndi kake. Ntchito zake zazikulu zimaphatikizapo zinthu zotenthetsera kutentha ndi mawu, zinthu zolumikizira, ndi zinthu zosefera. Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito popanga FRP, koma FRP yomwe imachokera imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso mphamvu zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito.
•  Filament Yopitirira Yopanda MapepalaAmapangidwa mwa kuponya mwachisawawa ulusi wagalasi wopitilira pa lamba wopitilira wa ukonde pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chofalitsira ulusi, kenako kulumikiza ndi bolodi la singano kuti apange mphasa yokhala ndi kapangidwe ka ulusi wamitundu itatu. Mphasa uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga mapepala omatidwa ndi ulusi wagalasi wolimbikitsidwa ndi thermoplastic.

5.Mat osokedwaUlusi wagalasi wodulidwa kuyambira 50mm mpaka 60cm kutalika ukhoza kusokedwa pamodzi ndi makina osokera kuti apange mphasa yodulidwa ya ulusi kapena mphasa yayitali ya ulusi. Woyamba ukhoza kulowa m'malo mwa CSM yachikhalidwe yolumikizidwa ndi binder m'magwiritsidwe ena, ndipo womaliza, pamlingo wina, akhoza kulowa m'malo mwa CFM. Ubwino wawo wamba ndi kusowa kwa zomangira, kupewa kuipitsa panthawi yopanga, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa resin impregnation, komanso mtengo wotsika.

Nsalu za Ulusi wa Galasi

Izi zikuwonetsa nsalu zosiyanasiyana zagalasi zopangidwa ndi ulusiulusi wagalasi.

1. Nsalu ya GalasiNsalu yagalasi yopangidwa ku China imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: yopanda alkali (E-glass) ndi yapakati-alkali (C-glass); mitundu yambiri yakunja imagwiritsa ntchito nsalu yagalasi yopanda alkali ya E-GLASS. Nsalu yagalasi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga ma laminates osiyanasiyana amagetsi oteteza kutentha, ma circuit board osindikizidwa, magalimoto, matanki osungiramo zinthu, maboti, nkhungu, ndi zina zotero. Nsalu yagalasi yapakati-alkali imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga nsalu zokutira zokutira ndi pulasitiki komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito zolimbana ndi dzimbiri. Makhalidwe a nsaluyo amatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe a ulusi, kuchuluka kwa warp ndi weft, kapangidwe ka ulusi, ndi kapangidwe ka weft. Kuchuluka kwa warp ndi weft kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe ka ulusi ndi kapangidwe ka weft. Kuphatikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa warp ndi weft ndi kapangidwe ka ulusi kumatsimikiza mawonekedwe enieni a nsaluyo, monga kulemera, makulidwe, ndi mphamvu yosweka. Pali mitundu isanu yoyambira yoluka: yosavuta (yofanana ndi yoluka yoluka), twill (nthawi zambiri ± 45°), satin (yofanana ndi nsalu imodzi), leno (yoluka yayikulu ya mesh ya ulusi wagalasi), ndi matts (yofanana ndi nsalu ya oxford).

2.Tepi ya Ulusi wa GalasiYogawidwa m'magulu awiri: tepi yoluka m'mphepete (m'mphepete mwa selvage) ndi tepi yoluka m'mphepete yopanda ulusi (m'mphepete wosweka). Kapangidwe kake ka ulusi ndi kosavuta. Tepi yagalasi yopanda alkali nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamagetsi zomwe zimafuna mphamvu zambiri komanso mphamvu zabwino za dielectric.

3.Nsalu ya Glass Fiber Unidirectional

•  Nsalu Yopindika Yolunjika Yokhala ndi Mbali Yolunjikandi nsalu yoluka ya satin yosweka yokhala ndi mahatchi anayi kapena ya shaft yayitali yolukidwa ndi ulusi wolimba wopindika ndi ulusi wopyapyala wopindika. Khalidwe lake ndi lamphamvu kwambiri makamaka mbali ya wopindika (0°).
• PalinsoNsalu Yopangidwa ndi Ulusi wa Galasi Yokhala ndi Mbali Yofanana, imapezeka m'mitundu yonse yolukidwa ndi yolukidwa. Imadziwika ndi ulusi wopota komanso ulusi wopota, ndipo ulusi wagalasi umayang'ana kwambiri mbali ya weft, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba kwambiri mbali ya weft (90°).

4.Nsalu ya 3D ya Glass Fiber (Nsalu ya Stereoscopic)Nsalu za 3D zimagwirizana ndi nsalu zozungulira. Kapangidwe kake kasintha kuchoka pa kukhala ndi mbali imodzi ndi ziwiri mpaka kukhala ndi mbali zitatu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zophatikizana zikhale zokhazikika komanso zogwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zolimba komanso zolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zolimba komanso zolimbana ndi zinthu zosakanikirana. Zidapangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zapadera za ndege, ndege, zida, ndi zapamadzi, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kwakula mpaka kuphatikiza magalimoto, zinthu zamasewera, ndi zida zamankhwala. Pali magulu asanu akuluakulu: nsalu za 3D zolukidwa, nsalu za 3D zolukidwa, nsalu za 3D zolukidwa ndi zosagwirizana ndi zopinga, nsalu zolukidwa ndi 3D, ndi mitundu ina ya nsalu za 3D. Mawonekedwe a nsalu za 3D akuphatikizapo block, columnar, tubular, hollow truncated cone, ndi variable-thickness irregular cross-sections.

5. Nsalu Yopangira Ulusi wa Galasi (Nsalu Yooneka Ngati Maonekedwe)Mawonekedwe a nsalu zoyambilira amafanana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a chinthu chomwe akufuna kuchilimbitsa, ndipo ayenera kuluka pa nsalu zapadera. Nsalu zooneka ngati zofanana zimaphatikizapo: zipewa zozungulira, ma cones, zipewa, nsalu zooneka ngati dumbbell, ndi zina zotero. Mawonekedwe osafanana monga mabokosi ndi ma boti amathanso kupangidwa.

6.Nsalu Yopangira Ulusi wa Galasi (Nsalu Yosokera Yokhuthala Kwambiri)Nsalu yapakati imakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zofanana za nsalu zolumikizidwa ndi mizere yoyimirira yayitali. Mawonekedwe ake opingasa akhoza kukhala amakona atatu, amakona anayi, kapena achisa.

7.Nsalu Yolumikizidwa ndi Ulusi wa Galasi (Mpando Wolukidwa kapena Mpando Wolukidwa)Ndi yosiyana ndi nsalu wamba komanso ndi tanthauzo la nthawi zonse la mphasa. Nsalu yosokedwa kwambiri imapangidwa mwa kuphimba ulusi umodzi wopindika ndi ulusi umodzi wopindika, kenako nkuzisoka pamodzi kuti zipange nsalu. Ubwino wa nsalu zosokedwa ndi ulusi ndi monga:

• Ikhoza kuwonjezera mphamvu yokoka, mphamvu yotsutsana ndi delamination ikagwedezeka, komanso mphamvu yopindika ya ma laminates a FRP.
• Zimachepetsa kulemera kwaZogulitsa za FRP.
• Malo osalala amapangitsa kuti pamwamba pa FRP pakhale posalala.
• Zimathandiza kuti ntchito yokonza zinthu ikhale yosavuta komanso zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yabwino. Zipangizo zolimbikitsira izi zitha kulowa m'malo mwa CFM mu FRP ndi RTM yophwanyika, komanso zitha kulowa m'malo mwa nsalu yoluka popanga mapaipi a centrifugal cast FRP.