Mapulasitiki amatanthauza zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa makamaka ndi ma resin (kapena ma monomers omwe amapangidwa mwachindunji panthawi yokonza), owonjezeredwa ndi zowonjezera monga ma plasticizer, ma filler, mafuta odzola, ndi zinthu zopaka utoto, zomwe zimatha kupangidwa kukhala mawonekedwe panthawi yokonza.
Makhalidwe Ofunika a Mapulasitiki:
① Mapulasitiki ambiri ndi opepuka komanso okhazikika pa mankhwala, opirira dzimbiri.
② Kukana kugwedezeka bwino kwambiri.
③ Kuwonekera bwino komanso kukana kuvala.
④ Zinthu zotetezera kutentha zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kochepa.
⑤ Kawirikawiri zimakhala zosavuta kuumba, kupaka utoto, ndi kukonza pamtengo wotsika.
⑥ Mapulasitiki ambiri satha kutentha bwino, kutentha kwambiri kumakula, ndipo amatha kuyaka mosavuta.
⑦ Kusakhazikika kwa mawonekedwe, komwe kungayambitse kusintha kwa mawonekedwe.
⑧ Mapulasitiki ambiri sagwira ntchito bwino kutentha kochepa, ndipo amauma kwambiri m'malo ozizira.
⑨ Amatha kukalamba mosavuta.
⑩ Mapulasitiki ena amasungunuka mosavuta mu zosungunulira.
Ma resini a phenolicamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu FRP (Fiber-Reinforced Plastic) zomwe zimafuna FST (Fire, Smoke, and Toxicity). Ngakhale kuti pali zoletsa zina (makamaka kufooka), ma phenolic resins akadali gulu lalikulu la ma resins ogulitsa, ndipo amapanga pafupifupi matani 6 miliyoni pachaka padziko lonse lapansi. Ma phenolic resins amapereka kukhazikika kwabwino kwambiri komanso kukana mankhwala, kusunga kukhazikika mkati mwa kutentha kwa 150–180°C. Ma resins awa, kuphatikiza ndi phindu lawo pamtengo, amayendetsa ntchito yawo yopitilira mu zinthu za FRP. Ntchito zambiri zimaphatikizapo zigawo zamkati mwa ndege, zonyamula katundu, zoyendera za sitima, ma grating ndi mapaipi amafuta akunja, zida za tunnel, zida zokangana, zoteteza ma nozzle a rocket, ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi FST.
Mitundu ya Ma Fiber-Reinforced Phenolic Composites
Zosakaniza za phenolic zolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusikuphatikiza zipangizo zokongoletsedwa ndi ulusi wodulidwa, nsalu, ndi ulusi wopitilira. Ulusi wodulidwa woyambirira (monga matabwa, cellulose) umagwiritsidwabe ntchito mu mankhwala opangira phenolic popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana, makamaka zida zamagalimoto monga zophimba pampu yamadzi ndi zigawo zokangana. Mankhwala amakono opangira phenolic amaphatikizapo ulusi wagalasi, ulusi wachitsulo, kapena posachedwapa, ulusi wa kaboni. Ma resini a phenolic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu ndi ma resini a novolac, omwe amachiritsidwa ndi hexamethylenetetramine.
Zipangizo za nsalu zomwe zalowetsedwa kale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga RTM (Resin Transfer Molding), kapangidwe ka masangweji a uchi, chitetezo cha ballistic, mapanelo amkati mwa ndege, ndi zonyamula katundu. Zinthu zolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi mosalekeza zimapangidwa kudzera mu filament winding kapena pultrusion. Nsalu ndi mosalekezazophatikizika zolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusinthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma resin a resole phenolic osungunuka m'madzi kapena solvent. Kupatula ma resole phenolics, machitidwe ena ofanana a phenolic—monga benzoxazines, cyanate esters, ndi Calidur™ resin yomwe yangopangidwa kumene—amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu FRP.
Benzoxazine ndi mtundu watsopano wa utomoni wa phenolic. Mosiyana ndi ma phenolic achikhalidwe, komwe magawo a molekyulu amalumikizidwa kudzera mu methylene bridges [-CH₂-], ma benzoxazine amapanga kapangidwe ka cyclic. Ma benzoxazine amapangidwa mosavuta kuchokera ku zinthu za phenolic (bisphenol kapena novolac), ma primary amines, ndi formaldehyde. Kupolima kwawo kwa mphete sikupanga zinthu zina kapena kusinthasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chinthu chomaliza chikhale cholimba. Kuwonjezera pa kutentha kwambiri ndi kukana moto, ma benzoxazine resin amasonyeza zinthu zomwe sizipezeka mu ma phenolic achikhalidwe, monga kuyamwa chinyezi pang'ono komanso magwiridwe antchito okhazikika a dielectric.
Calidur™ ndi utomoni wokhazikika wa polyarylether amide thermosetting wa m'badwo watsopano, wokhala ndi gawo limodzi, wokhazikika kutentha kwa chipinda wopangidwa ndi Evonik Degussa wa mafakitale a ndege ndi zamagetsi. Thisresin imachira pa 140°C m'maola awiri, ndi kutentha kwa galasi (Tg) kwa 195°C. Pakadali pano, Calidur™ ikuwonetsa zabwino zambiri za zinthu zophatikizika bwino: palibe mpweya woipa, kuchepa kwa exothermic reaction ndi kuchepa panthawi yopopera, mphamvu yayikulu ya kutentha ndi yonyowa, kupsinjika kwapamwamba kwa composite ndi mphamvu yodula, komanso kulimba kwabwino kwambiri. Utomoni watsopanowu umagwira ntchito ngati njira ina yotsika mtengo m'malo mwa utomoni wa epoxy wapakati mpaka wapamwamba wa Tg, bismaleimide, ndi cyanate ester mu ndege, mayendedwe, magalimoto, zamagetsi/zamagetsi, ndi ntchito zina zovuta.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-24-2025
