Dziwani zinthu zophatikizika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndege zotsika kwambiri

Zipangizo zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zakhala zipangizo zabwino kwambiri zopangira ndege zotsika mtengo chifukwa cha kupepuka kwawo, mphamvu zawo zambiri, kukana dzimbiri komanso kusinthasintha kwa kutentha. Munthawi ino ya kutsika mtengo komwe kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu, nthawi ya batri komanso kuteteza chilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana sikungokhudza magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo cha ndege zokha, komanso ndikofunikira kwambiri pakulimbikitsa chitukuko cha makampani onse.

Ulusi wa kabonizinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana
Chifukwa cha kupepuka kwake, mphamvu zake zambiri, kukana dzimbiri ndi zina, ulusi wa kaboni wakhala chinthu chabwino kwambiri chopangira ndege zotsika. Sizingochepetsa kulemera kwa ndege zokha, komanso zimathandizira magwiridwe antchito ndi phindu lazachuma, komanso zimakhala m'malo mwa zipangizo zachitsulo zachikhalidwe. Zoposa 90% ya zinthu zophatikizika mu ma skycar ndi ulusi wa kaboni, ndipo zotsala pafupifupi 10% ndi ulusi wagalasi. Mu ndege za eVTOL, ulusi wa kaboni umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzinthu zomangira ndi makina oyendetsera, zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi 75-80%, pomwe ntchito zamkati monga matabwa ndi mipando zimakhala 12-14%, ndipo makina a batri ndi zida za avionics zimakhala 8-12%.

Ulusigalasi lopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana
Pulasitiki yolimbikitsidwa ndi fiberglass (GFRP), yokhala ndi kukana dzimbiri, kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kotsika, kukana kuwala kwa dzuwa, kuletsa moto komanso makhalidwe oletsa kukalamba, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga ndege zotsika kwambiri monga ma drone. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi kumathandiza kuchepetsa kulemera kwa ndege, kuwonjezera katundu, kusunga mphamvu, komanso kupanga kapangidwe kokongola kakunja. Chifukwa chake, GFRP yakhala imodzi mwa zipangizo zofunika kwambiri pazachuma zotsika kwambiri.
Pakupanga ndege zotsika kwambiri, nsalu ya fiberglass imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga ma airframe, mapiko, ndi michira. Makhalidwe ake opepuka amathandiza kukonza bwino kayendedwe ka ndege komanso kupereka mphamvu komanso kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake.
Pazigawo zomwe zimafuna kulowerera bwino kwa mafunde, monga ma radomes ndi ma fairings, zinthu zopangidwa ndi fiberglass nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, UAV yakutali kwambiri komanso US Air Force's RQ-4 "Global Hawk" uav amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi carbon fiber composite pamapiko awo, mchira, gawo la injini ndi fuselage yakumbuyo, pomwe radome ndi fairing zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi fiberglass composite kuti zitsimikizire kuti chizindikirocho chikufalikira bwino.
Nsalu ya fiberglass ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga ma fairings ndi mawindo a ndege, zomwe sizimangowonjezera mawonekedwe ndi kukongola kwa ndegeyo, komanso zimawonjezera chitonthozo cha ulendowo. Mofananamo, popanga ma satellite, nsalu ya fiberglass ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kumanga kapangidwe kakunja kwa ma solar panels ndi ma antenna, potero kumawonjezera mawonekedwe ndi kudalirika kwa ma satellite.

Ulusi wa Aramidzinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana
Chida cha aramid chomwe chili ndi chisa cha aramid chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kapangidwe ka hexagonal ka chisa chachilengedwe cha bionic chimalemekezedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zapadera, kuuma kwake komanso kukhazikika kwake. Kuphatikiza apo, chida ichi chilinso ndi chitetezo chabwino cha mawu, chitetezo cha kutentha komanso mphamvu zoletsa moto, ndipo utsi ndi poizoni zomwe zimapangidwa panthawi yoyaka zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Makhalidwe amenewa amachititsa kuti chikhale ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri pantchito zoyendera ndege komanso zoyendera mwachangu.
Ngakhale mtengo wa zinthu zoyambira za aramid paper honeycomb ndi wokwera, nthawi zambiri umasankhidwa ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chopepuka pazida zapamwamba monga ndege, ma rocket, ndi ma satellite, makamaka popanga zinthu zomwe zimafuna kuti mafunde a broadband azitha kulowa mosavuta komanso kuti zinthuzo zikhale zolimba kwambiri.
Ubwino wopepuka　　
Monga chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa kapangidwe ka fuselage, pepala la aramid limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa ndege zazikulu zotsika mtengo monga eVTOL, makamaka ngati gawo la sandwich la carbon fiber honeycomb.
Mu gawo la magalimoto opanda anthu, zinthu za Nomex uchi (pepala la aramid) zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chipolopolo cha fuselage, khungu la mapiko ndi m'mphepete mwa kutsogolera ndi zina.

Zinazinthu zopangidwa ndi masangweji
Ndege zotsika kwambiri, monga magalimoto amlengalenga opanda anthu, kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolimbikitsidwa monga ulusi wa kaboni, ulusi wagalasi ndi ulusi wa aramid popanga, zipangizo zomangira monga uchi, filimu, pulasitiki ya thovu ndi guluu wa thovu zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri.
Posankha zinthu zopangira masangweji, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi masangweji a uchi (monga uchi wa pepala, uchi wa Nomex, ndi zina zotero), masangweji amatabwa (monga birch, paulownia, pine, basswood, ndi zina zotero) ndi masangweji a thovu (monga polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene foam, ndi zina zotero).
Kapangidwe ka sandwich ya thovu kagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga ma airframe a UAV chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osalowa madzi komanso oyandama komanso ubwino waukadaulo wokhoza kudzaza mabowo a kapangidwe ka mkati mwa phiko ndi mchira wonse.
Popanga ma UAV othamanga pang'ono, mapangidwe a masangweji a uchi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, mawonekedwe okhazikika, malo akuluakulu opindika komanso osavuta kuyika, monga malo okhazikika a phiko lakutsogolo, malo okhazikika a mchira wowongoka, malo okhazikika a mapiko, ndi zina zotero. Pazinthu zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe ovuta komanso malo ang'onoang'ono opindika, monga malo okwerera, malo owongolera, malo owongolera a aileron, ndi zina zotero, mapangidwe a masangweji a thovu ndi omwe amakondedwa. Pazinthu zomwe zimafuna mphamvu zambiri, mapangidwe a masangweji amatabwa amatha kusankhidwa. Pazinthu zomwe zimafuna mphamvu zambiri komanso zolimba, monga khungu la fuselage, T-beam, L-beam, ndi zina zotero, kapangidwe ka laminate nthawi zambiri kamagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kupanga zigawozi kumafuna kukonza, ndipo malinga ndi kuuma kofunikira mkati, mphamvu yopindika, kuuma kwa torsional ndi mphamvu, sankhani ulusi wolimbikitsidwa woyenera, zinthu za matrix, kuchuluka kwa ulusi ndi laminate, ndikupanga ma ngodya osiyanasiyana oyika, zigawo ndi magawo, ndikuchiritsa kutentha kosiyanasiyana ndi kupsinjika kwa kupanikizika.