Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo zopangira zinthu zophatikizika, kuphatikizapo ma resin, ulusi, ndi zinthu zophatikizika, ndipo chinthu chilichonse chili ndi mphamvu zake zapadera, kuuma, kulimba, ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha, ndi ndalama zosiyanasiyana komanso zokolola zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, magwiridwe antchito omaliza a chinthu chophatikizika chonse sichimangogwirizana ndi matrix a resin ndi ulusi (komanso zinthu zophatikizika mu kapangidwe ka zinthu zophatikizika), komanso chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi njira yopangira ndi njira yopangira zinthu zomwe zili mu kapangidwe kake. Mu pepalali, tikuwonetsa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zophatikizika, zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza njira iliyonse komanso momwe zinthu zophatikizika zimasankhira njira zosiyanasiyana.
Kupopera utoto
1, kufotokozera njira: zinthu zochepetsera ulusi ndi utomoni zomwe zimapopera nthawi yomweyo mu nkhungu, kenako nkuzisakaniza ndi mpweya woipa kuti zikhale zinthu zosakanikirana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utomoni.
2. Kusankha zinthu:
Utomoni: makamaka polyester
Ulusi: ulusi wagalasi wopyapyala
Zipangizo zapakati: palibe, ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi plywood yokha
3. Ubwino waukulu:
1) Mbiri yakale ya luso laukadaulo
2) Mtengo wotsika, kuyika mwachangu ulusi ndi utomoni
3) Mtengo wotsika wa nkhungu
4, zovuta zazikulu:
1) Plywood ndi yosavuta kupanga malo okhala ndi utomoni wambiri, wolemera kwambiri
2) Ulusi wodulidwa mwaufupi wokha ndi womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu za makina a plywood.
3) Kuti kupopera kukhale kosavuta, kukhuthala kwa utomoni kuyenera kukhala kochepa mokwanira, zomwe zimataya mphamvu zamakina ndi kutentha kwa zinthu zophatikizika.
4) Kuchuluka kwa styrene mu utomoni wopopera kumatanthauza kuti pali ngozi yaikulu kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo kukhuthala kochepa kumatanthauza kuti utomoniwo ukhoza kulowa mosavuta m'zovala za antchito ndikukhudza khungu mwachindunji.
5) Kuchuluka kwa styrene yosinthasintha mumlengalenga n'kovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zalamulo.
5. Ntchito Zachizolowezi:
Mipanda yosavuta, mapanelo omangidwa ndi zinthu zochepa monga matupi a magalimoto osinthika, zipilala zamagalimoto, mabafa ndi maboti ang'onoang'ono.
Kukonza Manja
1, kufotokozera njira: kulowetsa utomoni pamanja mu ulusi, ulusiwo ukhoza kuluka, kuluka, kusokedwa kapena kulumikizidwa ndi njira zina zolimbikitsira, kuyika manja nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi ma rollers kapena maburashi, kenako utomoniwo umafinyidwa ndi glue roller kuti ulowe mu ulusiwo. Plywood imayikidwa pansi pa kupanikizika kwabwinobwino kuti ichiritsidwe.
2. Kusankha zinthu:
Utomoni: palibe chofunikira, epoxy, polyester, ester yochokera ku polyethylene, ma resins a phenolic akupezeka
Ulusi: palibe zofunikira, koma kulemera kwa maziko a ulusi waukulu wa aramid n'kovuta kulowa mkati mwa ulusi woyikidwa ndi manja.
Zinthu zofunika: palibe chofunikira
3, ubwino waukulu:
1) Mbiri yakale ya ukadaulo
2) Zosavuta kuphunzira
3) mtengo wotsika wa nkhungu ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito utomoni wochiritsa kutentha kwa chipinda
4) Kusankha kwakukulu kwa zipangizo ndi ogulitsa
5) Ulusi wambiri, ulusi wautali womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuposa njira yopopera
4, Zoyipa zazikulu:
1) Kusakaniza utomoni, kuchuluka kwa utomoni wa laminate ndi ubwino wake zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi luso la wogwiritsa ntchito, n'kovuta kupeza utomoni wotsika komanso porosity yochepa ya laminate.
2) Kuopsa kwa thanzi ndi chitetezo cha utomoni, kulemera kwa mamolekyu a utomoni wokhazikika m'manja kukakhala kochepa, kuopsa kwa thanzi kumakhala kwakukulu, kukhuthala kwa utomoni kumachepa kumatanthauza kuti utomoniwo umalowa mosavuta m'zovala za antchito ndipo motero umakhudza khungu mwachindunji.
3) Ngati mpweya wabwino sunakhazikitsidwe, kuchuluka kwa styrene yomwe imatuluka mu polyester ndi polyethylene kupita mumlengalenga kumakhala kovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zalamulo.
4) Kukhuthala kwa utomoni wopaka ndi manja kuyenera kukhala kochepa kwambiri, kotero kuchuluka kwa styrene kapena zosungunulira zina kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu, motero kutaya mphamvu zamakina/kutentha kwa zinthu zophatikizika.
5) Ntchito wamba: masamba a turbine ya mphepo, maboti opangidwa mochuluka, zitsanzo za zomangamanga.
Njira yosungira matumba a vacuum
1. Kufotokozera njira: Njira yopangira vacuum thumba ndi yowonjezera njira yopangira ndi manja yomwe ili pamwambapa, mwachitsanzo kutseka wosanjikiza wa filimu ya pulasitiki pa nkhungu kudzakhala vacuum ya plywood yopangira ndi manja, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamlengalenga ku plywood kuti ikwaniritse zotsatira zotopetsa komanso zolimba, kuti zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zophatikizika zikhale bwino.
2. kusankha zinthu:
Utomoni: makamaka ma resins a epoxy ndi phenolic, polyester ndi polyethylene-based ester sagwira ntchito, chifukwa ali ndi styrene, volatilization mu vacuum pump
Ulusi: palibe chofunikira, ngakhale kulemera kwa ulusi waukulu kungathe kulowetsedwa pansi pa kupanikizika
Zinthu zofunika: palibe chofunikira
3. Ubwino waukulu:
1) Kuchuluka kwa ulusi wochuluka kuposa njira yokhazikika yokonzekera ndi manja kungathe kuchitika
2) Chiŵerengero cha void ndi chotsika kuposa njira yokhazikika yogonera ndi manja.
3) Pakapanikizika koipa, utomoni umathamanga mokwanira kuti ukhale wabwino kwambiri polowa mu ulusi, ndithudi, gawo lina la utomoni lidzayamwa ndi zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito mu vacuum.
4) Umoyo ndi chitetezo: njira yochotsera zinthu zowononga mpweya m'mabokosi ingathandize kuchepetsa kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zowononga mpweya panthawi yokonza zinthu.
4, Zoyipa zazikulu:
1) Njira yowonjezera imawonjezera mtengo wa ntchito ndi zinthu zotayidwa mu thumba la vacuum
2) Zofunikira pa luso lapamwamba kwa ogwira ntchito
3) Kusakaniza ndi kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa utomoni kumadalira kwambiri luso la wogwiritsa ntchito
4) Ngakhale kuti matumba otayira mpweya amachepetsa kutulutsa kwa zinthu zonyowa, chiopsezo cha thanzi kwa wogwiritsa ntchito chimakhala chachikulu kuposa cha kulowetsedwa kapena njira yokonzekera.
5, Ntchito zachizolowezi: zazikulu, ma yacht amodzi okha, zida zamagalimoto othamanga, njira yomangira zombo zomangira zinthu zazikulu.
Kuumba Mozungulira
1. Kufotokozera njira: Njira yozungulira imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zozungulira, zozungulira kapena zozungulira monga mapaipi ndi ziwiya. Mipando ya ulusi imalowetsedwa mu utomoni kenako n’kukulungidwa pa mandrel m’njira zosiyanasiyana. Njirayi imayang’aniridwa ndi makina ozungulira ndi liwiro la mandrel.
2. Kusankha zinthu:
Utomoni: palibe chofunikira, monga epoxy, polyester, ester yochokera ku polyethylene ndi phenolic resin, ndi zina zotero.
Ulusi: palibe zofunikira, kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji mitolo ya ulusi wa chimango cha spool, sikuyenera kuluka kapena kusoka nsalu yolukidwa mu nsalu ya ulusi
Zipangizo zapakati: palibe chifukwa, koma khungu nthawi zambiri limakhala lopangidwa ndi zinthu zophatikizika chimodzi
3. ubwino waukulu:
(1) liwiro la kupanga mwachangu, ndi njira yachuma komanso yoyenera yochepetsera kutayika kwa zinthu
(2) Kuchuluka kwa utomoni kumatha kulamulidwa poyesa kuchuluka kwa utomoni womwe umanyamulidwa ndi mitolo ya ulusi yomwe imadutsa mumzere wa utomoni.
(3) Kuchepetsa mtengo wa ulusi, palibe njira yolukira yapakati
(4) magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri a kapangidwe kake, chifukwa mitolo ya ulusi wolunjika imatha kuyikidwa motsatira njira zosiyanasiyana zonyamulira katundu
4. Zoyipa zazikulu:
(1) Njirayi imangokhala pa nyumba zozungulira zopanda kanthu.
(2) Ulusi sukonzedwa mosavuta komanso molondola motsatira njira yozungulira ya gawolo
(3) Mtengo wokwera wa mandrel positive molding pazigawo zazikulu za kapangidwe kake
(4) Mbali yakunja ya nyumbayo si nkhungu, kotero kukongola kwake n’koipa kwambiri.
(5) Kugwiritsa ntchito utomoni wotsika kwambiri, ndikofunikira kulabadira mawonekedwe a makina ndi thanzi ndi chitetezo.
Ntchito zodziwika bwino: matanki osungiramo mankhwala ndi mapaipi, masilinda, matanki opumira ozimitsa moto.
Kuumba kwa Pultrusion
1. Kufotokozera njira: kuchokera ku chogwirira cha bobbin, chikwama cha ulusi chodzazidwa ndi guluu kudzera mu mbale yotenthetsera, mu mbale yotenthetsera kuti amalize utomoni pa kulowa kwa ulusi, ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa utomoni, ndipo pamapeto pake zinthuzo zidzakonzedwa kukhala mawonekedwe ofunikira; mawonekedwe awa a chinthu chokhazikika chokonzedwa amadulidwa mwamakina m'mautali osiyanasiyana. Ulusi umathanso kulowa mu mbale yotentha m'njira zina kupatula madigiri 0. Kutulutsa ndi kutambasula mawonekedwe ndi njira yopitilira yopangira ndipo gawo lopingasa la chinthu nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha pang'ono. Idzadutsa mu mbale yotentha ya chinthu chonyowa kale ndikufalikira mu nkhungu nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale kuti njira yotereyi siipitirira, koma imatha kusintha mawonekedwe a gawo lopingasa.
2. Kusankha zinthu:
Utomoni: nthawi zambiri epoxy, polyester, ester yochokera ku polyethylene ndi phenolic resin, ndi zina zotero.
Ulusi: palibe chofunikira
Zipangizo zapakati: sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri
3. Ubwino waukulu:
(1) liwiro la kupanga mwachangu, ndi njira yotsika mtengo komanso yomveka bwino yonyowetsa ndi kuchiritsa zipangizo
(2) kuwongolera molondola kuchuluka kwa utomoni
(3) kuchepetsa mtengo wa ulusi, palibe njira yolumikizirana pakati
(4) makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a kapangidwe kake, chifukwa mitolo ya ulusi imakonzedwa molunjika, gawo la ulusi ndi lalikulu
(5) malo olowera ulusi akhoza kutsekedwa kwathunthu kuti achepetse kutulutsa kwa zinthu zofooka
4. Zoyipa zazikulu:
(1) njirayi imaletsa mawonekedwe a gawo lopingasa
(2) Mtengo wokwera wa mbale yotenthetsera
5. Ntchito zodziwika bwino: matabwa ndi ma trus a nyumba, milatho, makwerero ndi mipanda.
Njira Yopangira Kusamutsa Resin (RTM)
1. Kufotokozera njira: Ulusi wouma umayikidwa mu nkhungu yapansi, yomwe imatha kukakamizidwa kale kuti ulusiwo ugwirizane ndi mawonekedwe a nkhungu momwe zingathere ndikumangiriridwa molimba; kenako, nkhungu ya pamwamba imakhazikika pa nkhungu yapansi kuti ipange dzenje, kenako utomoni umalowetsedwa mu dzenje. Kulowetsa utomoni wothandizidwa ndi vacuum ndi kulowa kwa utomoni, komwe kumadziwika kuti Vacuum-Assisted Resin Injection (VARI), nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kulowa kwa utomoni ukatha, valavu yoyambitsa utomoni imatsekedwa ndipo chosakanizacho chimachiritsidwa. Kulowetsa utomoni ndi kuyeretsa kumatha kuchitika kutentha kwa chipinda kapena kutentha.
2. Kusankha Zinthu:
Utomoni: nthawi zambiri epoxy, polyester, polyvinyl ester ndi phenolic resin, bismaleimide resin ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutentha kwambiri
Ulusi: palibe chofunikira. Ulusi wosokedwa ndi woyenera kwambiri pa njirayi, chifukwa mpata pakati pa mtolo wa ulusi umapangitsa kuti utomoni usamutsidwe; pali ulusi wopangidwa mwapadera womwe ungalimbikitse kuyenda kwa utomoni
Zinthu zofunika kwambiri: thovu la m'maselo silili loyenera, chifukwa maselo a uchi adzadzazidwa ndi utomoni, ndipo kupanikizika kudzapangitsanso kuti thovu ligwe.
3. ubwino waukulu:
(1) Gawo lalikulu la ulusi, ma porosity ochepa
(2) Ukhondo ndi chitetezo, malo ogwirira ntchito oyera komanso aukhondo popeza utomoni watsekedwa kwathunthu.
(3) Chepetsani kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito
(4) Mbali zakumtunda ndi zakumunsi za zigawo za kapangidwe kake ndi malo owumbidwa, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kukonza pamwamba pake.
4. Zoyipa zazikulu:
(1) Zinyalala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi zodula, zolemera komanso zazikulu kuti zipirire kupsinjika kwakukulu.
(2) yokhazikika pakupanga zigawo zazing'ono
(3) Malo osanyowa amatha kuchitika mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zinyalala zambiri
5. Ntchito wamba: sitima yapamlengalenga yaying'ono komanso yovuta komanso zida zamagalimoto, mipando ya sitima.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-08-2024
