Tikaona zinthu zopangidwa ndifiberglass, nthawi zambiri timangoona mawonekedwe awo ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kawo, koma nthawi zambiri timaganizira izi: Kodi kapangidwe ka mkati ka ulusi woonda wakuda kapena woyera uwu ndi kotani? Ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono kosaoneka aka komwe kamapatsa fiberglass makhalidwe ake apadera, monga mphamvu yayikulu, kukana kutentha kwambiri, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Lero, tifufuza "dziko lamkati" la fiberglass kuti tiwulule zinsinsi za kapangidwe kake.
Maziko a Microscopic: "Disordered Order" pa Atomic Level
Kuchokera pamalingaliro a atomiki, gawo lalikulu la fiberglass ndi silicon dioxide (nthawi zambiri 50%-70% polemera), ndipo zinthu zina monga calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, ndi aluminiyamu oxide zimawonjezeredwa kuti zisinthe mawonekedwe ake. Kapangidwe ka maatomu awa kamatsimikizira mawonekedwe oyambira a fiberglass.
Mosiyana ndi "dongosolo lakutali" la maatomu mu zinthu zamakristalo (monga zitsulo kapena makristaro a quartz), kapangidwe ka maatomu mu fiberglass kamasonyeza"dongosolo la nthawi yochepa, chisokonezo cha nthawi yayitali."Mwachidule, m'dera lapafupi (lomwe lili mkati mwa maatomu ochepa), atomu iliyonse ya silicon imalumikizana ndi maatomu anayi a okosijeni, ndikupanga mawonekedwe ofanana ndi piramidi.“tetrahedron ya silika”kapangidwe kake. Kakonzedwe kameneka kamakonzedwa. Komabe, pamlingo waukulu, tetrahedra za silica izi sizipanga lattice yobwerezabwereza ngati mu kristalo. M'malo mwake, zimalumikizidwa mwachisawawa ndikuyikidwa m'magulu osakhazikika, mofanana ndi mulu wa zidutswa zomangira zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa mwachisawawa, ndikupanga kapangidwe kagalasi kopanda mawonekedwe.
Kapangidwe kameneka ndi chimodzi mwa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pafiberglassndi galasi wamba. Pa nthawi yozizira ya galasi wamba, maatomu amakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yopanga makhiristo ang'onoang'ono, okonzedwa m'deralo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asamavute kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, fiberglass imapangidwa ndi galasi losungunuka lomwe limatambasulidwa mwachangu komanso kuzizira. Maatomu alibe nthawi yodzikonzera okha mwadongosolo ndipo "amaundana" mu mkhalidwe wosakhazikikawu komanso wosasinthika. Izi zimachepetsa zolakwika pamalire a kristalo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ulusiwo ukhalebe ndi mawonekedwe a galasi pamene ukupeza kulimba bwino komanso mphamvu yokoka.
Kapangidwe ka monofilament: Chinthu Chofanana kuyambira "Khungu" mpaka "Pachimake"
Fiberglass yomwe timaiona imapangidwa ndi zinthu zambirimonofilaments, koma monofilament iliyonse ndi gawo lathunthu lokha. Monofilament nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mainchesi 5-20 m'mimba mwake (pafupifupi 1/5 mpaka 1/2 m'mimba mwake wa tsitsi la munthu). Kapangidwe kake ndi kofanana."Mawonekedwe olimba a cylindrical"popanda kuoneka bwino kwa zigawo. Komabe, poganizira za kufalikira kwa kapangidwe kake ka microscopic, pali kusiyana pang'ono kwa "khungu ndi pakati".
Pakujambula, pamene galasi losungunuka likutuluka m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono a spinneret, pamwamba pake pamazizira mofulumira ikakhudzana ndi mpweya, ndikupanga mawonekedwe owonda kwambiri."khungu"gawo (pafupifupi 0.1-0.5 maikulomita makulidwe). Khungu ili limazizira mofulumira kwambiri kuposa mkati"pakati."Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa silicon dioxide mu khungu kumakhala kokwera pang'ono kuposa pakati, ndipo kapangidwe ka atomu ndi kolemera kwambiri ndipo kumakhala ndi zolakwika zochepa. Kusiyana kochepa kumeneku mu kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake kumapangitsa pamwamba pa monofilament kukhala wolimba pakulimba komanso kukana dzimbiri kuposa pakati. Kumachepetsanso kuthekera kwa ming'alu ya pamwamba—kulephera kwa zinthu nthawi zambiri kumayamba ndi zolakwika pamwamba, ndipo khungu lokhuthalali limagwira ntchito ngati "chipolopolo" choteteza monofilament.
Kuwonjezera pa kusiyana pang'ono kwa khungu ndi pakati, khalidwe lapamwambafiberglassFilament imodzi ilinso ndi kulinganiza kozungulira kwambiri mu gawo lake lopingasa, ndipo cholakwika cha m'mimba mwake nthawi zambiri chimayendetsedwa mkati mwa maikulomita imodzi. Kapangidwe kameneka ka geometrical kamaonetsetsa kuti pamene filament imodzi yakanizidwa, kupsinjika kumagawidwa mofanana mu gawo lonselo, kuletsa kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa makulidwe am'deralo ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yonse yogwirira ntchito.
Kapangidwe ka Gulu: Kuphatikiza Kokonzedwa kwa "Ulusi" ndi "Nsalu"
Ngakhale kuti monofilaments ndi zolimba, kukula kwake ndi kochepa kwambiri moti singagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha. Chifukwa chake, fiberglass nthawi zambiri imakhalapo mu mawonekedwe a"gulu lonse,"nthawi zambiri monga"Ulusi wa fiberglass"ndi"Nsalu yagalasi."Kapangidwe kawo ndi zotsatira za kuphatikizana kolinganizidwa kwa monofilaments.
Ulusi wa Fiberglass ndi gulu la monofilaments makumi ambiri mpaka zikwizikwi, zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi aliyense"kupotoza"kapena kukhala"wosapotoka."Ulusi wosapindika ndi gulu losasunthika la monofilaments yofanana, yokhala ndi kapangidwe kosavuta, komwe kamagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga ubweya wagalasi, ulusi wodulidwa, ndi zina zotero. Ulusi wopindika, kumbali ina, umapangidwa popotoza monofilaments pamodzi, ndikupanga kapangidwe kozungulira kofanana ndi ulusi wa thonje. Kapangidwe kameneka kamawonjezera mphamvu yomangirira pakati pa monofilaments, kuletsa ulusi kuti usasunthike pansi pa kupsinjika, ndikupangitsa kuti ukhale woyenera kuluka, kupotoza, ndi njira zina zopangira."kuwerengera"ya ulusi (chisonyezero chosonyeza chiwerengero cha monofilaments, mwachitsanzo, ulusi wa tex wa 1200 umapangidwa ndi monofilaments 1200) ndi"kupotoza"(chiwerengero cha kupotoka pa utali wa unit) chimatsimikizira mwachindunji mphamvu ya ulusi, kusinthasintha, ndi momwe umagwirira ntchito pambuyo pake.
Nsalu ya fiberglass ndi yofanana ndi pepala lopangidwa ndi ulusi wa fiberglass pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolukira. Zolukira zitatu zazikulu ndi zosalala, zopindika, ndi za satin.Kuluka kopanda kanthuNsalu imapangidwa mwa kusinthasintha kwa ulusi wa warp ndi weft, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kapangidwe kake kakhale kolimba komanso kopanda mphamvu koma kolimba mofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera ngati maziko a zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana.kuluka kwa twillUlusi wa nsalu, wopindika ndi weft umalumikizana mu chiŵerengero cha 2:1 kapena 3:1, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe ozungulira pamwamba. Ndi wosinthasintha kuposa ulusi wamba ndipo nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zomwe zimafuna kupindika kapena kupanga mawonekedwe.Kuluka kwa SatinIli ndi malo ochepa olumikizirana, ndipo ulusi wopindika kapena wopindika umapanga mizere yoyandama yopitilira pamwamba. Ulusi uwu ndi wofewa pokhudza ndipo uli ndi malo osalala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale woyenera kukongoletsa kapena zinthu zocheperako.
Kaya ndi ulusi kapena nsalu, cholinga chachikulu cha kapangidwe ka gulu ndikukwaniritsa bwino ntchito"1+1>2"kudzera mu kuphatikiza kolinganizidwa kwa monofilaments. Monofilaments imapereka mphamvu yoyambira, pomwe kapangidwe kake kamapereka zinthuzo m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kusinthasintha, ndi kusinthasintha kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pakuteteza kutentha mpaka kulimbitsa kapangidwe kake.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-16-2025
