Zinsinsi za Fiberglass's Microstructure

Tikawona zinthu zopangidwagalasi la fiberglass, nthawi zambiri timangowona maonekedwe awo ndi ntchito, koma kawirikawiri timaganizira: Kodi mkati mwa ulusi wowonda wakuda kapena woyera ndi wotani? Ndi ma microstructures osawoneka awa omwe amapatsa fiberglass mawonekedwe ake apadera, monga mphamvu yayikulu, kukana kutentha kwambiri, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Lero, tiyang'ana mu "dziko lamkati" la fiberglass kuti tiwulule zinsinsi za kapangidwe kake.

The Microscopic Foundation: "Disordered Order" pa Atomic Level

Kuchokera pamalingaliro a atomiki, chigawo chapakati cha fiberglass ndi silicon dioxide (nthawi zambiri 50% -70% kulemera kwake), ndi zinthu zina monga calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, ndi aluminium oxide zomwe zimawonjezeredwa kuti zisinthe. Kapangidwe ka maatomuwa kumatsimikizira mikhalidwe yofunikira ya fiberglass.

Mosiyana ndi "dongosolo lalitali" la maatomu muzinthu zamakristali (monga zitsulo kapena makhiristo a quartz), dongosolo la atomiki mu ziwonetsero za fiberglass."dongosolo lalifupi, vuto lalitali."Mwachidule, m'dera lapafupi (m'kati mwa maatomu angapo), ma atomu onse a silicon amakhala ndi maatomu anayi a okosijeni, kupanga piramidi ngati piramidi."silica tetrahedron"kapangidwe. Kukonzekera kwanuko ndikolamulidwa. Komabe, pamlingo wokulirapo, tetrahedra iyi ya silica sapanga masitepe obwerezabwereza ngati kristalo. M'malo mwake, amalumikizidwa mwachisawawa ndikumangika mosokonekera, mofanana ndi mulu wa zomangira zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa mwachisawawa, kupanga magalasi aamorphous.

Kapangidwe ka amorphous ndi chimodzi mwazosiyana kwambirigalasi la fiberglassndi galasi wamba. Pakuzizira kwa magalasi wamba, ma atomu amakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kuti apange makhiristo ang'onoang'ono, oyendetsedwa m'deralo, zomwe zimatsogolera kuphulika kwakukulu. Mosiyana ndi izi, magalasi a fiberglass amapangidwa ndi kutambasula mwachangu ndikuzizira magalasi osungunuka. Ma atomu alibe nthawi yoti adzikonzere okha mwadongosolo ndipo “amaundana” mumkhalidwe wosokonekera uwu, wosakhazikika. Izi zimachepetsa zolakwika pamalire a kristalo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ulusiwo ukhalebe ndi magalasi pomwe umakhala wolimba komanso wamphamvu.

Kapangidwe ka Monofilament: Gulu Lofanana kuchokera ku "Khungu" kupita ku "Core"

Magalasi a fiberglass omwe timawawona amapangidwa ndi ambirimonofilaments, koma monofilament iliyonse ndi gawo lathunthu lokhazikika palokha. A monofilament nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mainchesi 5-20 (pafupifupi 1/5 mpaka 1/2 m'mimba mwake mwa tsitsi la munthu). Mapangidwe ake ndi yunifolomu"solid cylindrical shape"popanda kusanjika koonekera. Komabe, potengera kugawa kwapang'onopang'ono, pali kusiyana kobisika kwa "khungu-core".

Panthawi yojambula, magalasi osungunuka amatuluka kuchokera kumabowo ang'onoang'ono a spinneret, pamwamba pake amazizira kwambiri akakumana ndi mpweya, kupanga chowonda kwambiri."khungu"wosanjikiza (pafupifupi 0.1-0.5 micrometer wandiweyani). Khungu ili limazizira kwambiri kuposa lamkati"core."Zotsatira zake, silicon dioxide yomwe ili pakhungu ndi yokwera pang'ono kuposa pachimake, ndipo dongosolo la atomiki ndi lolimba komanso zolakwika zochepa. Kusiyanitsa kosawoneka bwino kumeneku kumapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake kumapangitsa kuti pamwamba pa monofilament ikhale yolimba pakulimba komanso kukana dzimbiri kuposa pachimake. Zimachepetsanso kuthekera kwa ming'alu ya pamwamba-kulephera kwa zinthu nthawi zambiri kumayamba ndi zowonongeka pamwamba, ndipo khungu lowundanali limakhala ngati "chipolopolo" chotetezera cha monofilament.

Kuphatikiza pa kusiyana kobisika kwa khungu-pachimake, khalidwe lapamwambagalasi la fiberglassmonofilament imakhalanso ndi zozungulira zozungulira kwambiri mu gawo lake, ndi zolakwika zapakati zomwe zimayendetsedwa mkati mwa 1 micrometer. Maonekedwe a geometric awa amatsimikizira kuti pamene monofilament ikugogomezedwa, kupanikizika kumagawidwa mofanana pamtunda wonsewo, kuteteza kupsinjika maganizo komwe kumadza chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa makulidwe am'deralo ndipo potero kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu zonse zitheke.

Kapangidwe Kamodzi: Kuphatikiza kolamulidwa kwa "Nsalu" ndi "Nsalu"

Ngakhale ma monofilaments ndi amphamvu, kukula kwake ndikwabwino kwambiri kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito payekha. Chifukwa chake, fiberglass imakhalapo ngati mawonekedwe a“zonse,”nthawi zambiri ngati"Ulusi wa fiberglass"ndi"nsalu ya fiberglass."Kapangidwe kawo ndi chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kolamulidwa kwa monofilaments.

Ulusi wa Fiberglass ndi gulu lamitundu yambiri mpaka masauzande a monofilaments, osonkhanitsidwa ndi mwina"kupotoza"kapena kukhala"osapindika."Ulusi wosasunthika ndi gulu lotayirira la monofilaments lofanana, lokhala ndi dongosolo losavuta, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga ubweya wa galasi, ulusi wodulidwa, ndi zina zotero. Kapangidwe kameneka kamawonjezera mphamvu yomangirira pakati pa ma monofilaments, kuletsa ulusiwo kuti usavumbuke ndi kupsinjika maganizo, kuupangitsa kukhala woyenera kuluka, kupota, ndi njira zina zopangira. The"werengani"ulusi (chilozera chosonyeza kuchuluka kwa ma monofilaments, mwachitsanzo, ulusi wa 1200 wopangidwa ndi 1200 monofilaments) ndi"potoza"(chiwerengero cha zopindika pa utali wa unit) dziwani mwachindunji mphamvu ya ulusi, kusinthasintha, ndi kachitidwe kotsatira.

Nsalu ya Fiberglass ndi mawonekedwe ngati pepala opangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wa fiberglass kudzera mu njira yoluka. Mitundu itatu yayikulu yoluka ndi yosalala, yopindika, ndi satin.Zoluka zolukansalu amapangidwa ndi alternating interlacing wa warp ndi weft ulusi, chifukwa mu dongosolo zolimba ndi otsika permeability koma yunifolomu mphamvu, kuzipanga kukhala oyenera monga m'munsi zinthu zamagulu gulu. Mutwill kulukansalu, zopingasa ndi ulusi wokhotakhota interlace mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1 kapena 3: 1, kupanga diagonal chitsanzo pamwamba. Imasinthasintha kuposa kuluka wamba ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zomwe zimafuna kupindika kapena kupanga.Kuluka kwa satinili ndi nsonga zochepa zolukirana, yokhala ndi ulusi wopingasa kapena wokhotakhota womwe umapanga mizere yoyandama yopitilira pamwamba. Kuluka uku kumakhala kofewa kukhudza ndipo kumakhala kosalala, kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kukongoletsa kapena zigawo zochepetsetsa.

Kaya ndi ulusi kapena nsalu, pachimake pagululi ndikukwaniritsa kukweza kwa magwiridwe antchito"1+1>2"kudzera mu kuphatikiza kolamulidwa kwa monofilaments. Ma monofilaments amapereka mphamvu zoyambira, pomwe gulu lophatikizana limapereka zinthuzo mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kusinthasintha, komanso kusinthika kosinthika kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pakutentha kwamafuta mpaka kulimbitsa kwamapangidwe.