nkhani

Kuyambira m'ma 1950,zosakaniza zolimbitsa ulusi wagalasizinkagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zigawo zosanyamula katundu za mafelemu a ndege za helikopita, monga ma fairing ndi ma hatches owunikira, ngakhale kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kunali kochepa.

Kupita patsogolo kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi wa helikopita kunachitika m'zaka za m'ma 1960 pamene masamba a rotor opangidwa ndi ulusi wagalasi anapangidwa bwino. Izi zinasonyeza ubwino waukulu wa zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi wagalasi—mphamvu yotopetsa kwambiri, kusamutsa katundu m'njira zambiri, makhalidwe ofalitsa ming'alu pang'onopang'ono, komanso kuphweka kwa kupondereza—zomwe zinaonekera bwino mu ntchito za masamba a rotor. Zofooka za zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi—mphamvu yochepa yocheka pakati pa laminar ndi kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe—sizinakhudze kapangidwe kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa masamba a rotor.

Ngakhale kuti masamba achitsulo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wosapitirira maola 2000, masamba ophatikizika amatha kukhala ndi moyo wopitilira maola 6000, mwina osatha, ndikulola kukonza motsatira momwe zinthu zilili. Izi sizimangowonjezera chitetezo cha helikopita komanso zimachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wa masamba a helikopita, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phindu lalikulu pazachuma. Njira yosavuta komanso yosavuta yogwiritsira ntchito yopangira ndi kuyeretsa ma composites, kuphatikiza ndi kuthekera kosintha mphamvu, kuuma (kuphatikiza mawonekedwe a damping), zimathandiza kusintha bwino mawonekedwe a aerodynamic ndi kukonza bwino kapangidwe ka tsamba la rotor, komanso kukonza mphamvu za kapangidwe ka rotor. Kuyambira m'ma 1970, kafukufuku wa ma airfoid atsopano wapereka mndandanda wa ma profiles a helikopita ogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Ma airfoid atsopanowa ali ndi kusintha kuchokera ku mawonekedwe ofanana kupita ku opindika kwathunthu, osafanana, kukwaniritsa ma coefficients okwera kwambiri komanso manambala ofunikira a Mach, ma coefficients ocheperako, komanso kusintha kochepa kwa ma coefficients a mphindi. Kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a nsonga ya tsamba la rotor - kuchokera ku nsonga zamakona anayi kupita ku nsonga zosweka, zopindika; nsonga zopindika zopindika pansi; Kupita ku nsonga zapamwamba za BERP zopyapyala—zakhala ndi kugawa kwakukulu kwa katundu wa aerodynamic, kusokoneza kwa vortex, kugwedezeka, ndi mawonekedwe a phokoso, motero zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito a rotor.

Kuphatikiza apo, opanga mapulani adakhazikitsa njira zosiyanasiyana zowongolera kayendedwe ka ndege za rotor blade ndi kayendedwe kake, kuphatikiza kukonza zinthu zophatikizika ndi kukonza kapangidwe ka rotor kuti akwaniritse magwiridwe antchito abwino a tsamba komanso kuchepetsa kugwedezeka/phokoso. Chifukwa chake, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, pafupifupi ma helikopita onse atsopano adagwiritsa ntchito masamba ophatikizika, pomwe kuyikanso mitundu yakale ndi masamba achitsulo ku masamba ophatikizika kunapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi helikopita ndi monga: malo ozungulira akunja kwa helikopita, kuphatikiza ndi katundu wochepa wa kapangidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kupanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi chitsulo kuti ziwonjezere kupirira kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe kake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yake ndi yotetezeka komanso yodalirika; kufunikira kochepetsa kulemera kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi helikopita zogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zowukira; komanso zofunikira pakupanga zinthu zonyamula ming'alu komanso kapangidwe kobisika. Pofuna kuthana ndi zosowazi, US Army Aviation Applied Technology Research Institute idakhazikitsa Advanced Composite Airframe Program (ACAP) mu 1979. Kuyambira m'ma 1980, pamene ma helikopita monga Sikorsky S-75, Bell D292, Boeing 360, ndi European MBB BK-117 yokhala ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo anayamba kuyesa maulendo, mpaka Bell Helikopita itaphatikiza bwino mapiko a V-280 ndi fuselage mu 2016, kupanga ma helikopita a chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo kwapita patsogolo kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi ndege zowonetsera aluminiyamu, ma airframe ophatikizika amapereka phindu lalikulu pakulemera kwa ma airframe, ndalama zopangira, kudalirika, ndi kusungika, kukwaniritsa zolinga za pulogalamu ya ACAP monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu Gome 1-3. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri amanena kuti kusintha ma airframe ophatikizika ndi ma composite kuli ndi tanthauzo lofanana ndi kusintha kwa ma airframe ophatikizika a nsalu yamatabwa kupita ku ma steel achitsulo m'zaka za m'ma 1940.

Zachidziwikire, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'mapangidwe a ma airframe kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kapangidwe ka ma helikopita (mayeso a magwiridwe antchito). Pakadali pano, zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi 30% mpaka 50% ya kulemera kwa ma airframe m'ma helikopita apakati ndi olemera, pomwe ma helikopita onyamula anthu wamba amagwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwakukulu, kufika pa 70% mpaka 80%. Zipangizo zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu zigawo za fuselage monga tail boom, vertical stabilizer, ndi horizontal stabilizer. Izi zimakwaniritsa zolinga ziwiri: kuchepetsa kulemera ndi kupanga mosavuta malo ovuta monga ducted vertical stabilizers. Zipangizo zomwe zimayamwa ming'alu zimagwiritsanso ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti zichepetse kulemera. Komabe, pa ma helikopita opepuka ndi ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi zinthu zosavuta, katundu wochepa, ndi makoma owonda, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana sikungakhale kotsika mtengo kwenikweni.