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Ma microspheres agalasi opanda kanthundi zinthu zawo zophatikizika

Zipangizo zolimba zoyenda pansi pa nyanja nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zinthu zowongolera kuyenda (ma microspheres opanda kanthu) ndi zinthu zolimba zoyenda pansi pa resin. Padziko lonse lapansi, zinthuzi zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 0.4–0.6 g/cm³ ndi mphamvu zokakamiza za 40–100 MPa, ndipo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzipangizo zosiyanasiyana za pansi pa nyanja. Ma microspheres opanda kanthu ndi zinthu zapadera zomangidwa ndi mpweya. Kutengera kapangidwe kake ka zinthu, amagawidwa makamaka m'ma microspheres opanda kanthu komanso ma microspheres opanda kanthu. Kafukufuku wa ma microspheres opanda kanthu ndi wogwira ntchito kwambiri, ndi malipoti kuphatikizapo ma microspheres opanda kanthu a polystyrene ndi ma microspheres opanda kanthu a polymethyl methacrylate. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera ma microspheres opanda kanthu zimaphatikizapo magalasi, zoumba, borates, carbon, ndi fly ash cenospheres.

Ma Microspheres a Magalasi Opanda: Tanthauzo ndi Kugawa

Ma microspheres agalasi opanda kanthu ndi mtundu watsopano wa zinthu zopanda chitsulo zopanda utoto zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri monga kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mawonekedwe ozungulira, kulemera kopepuka, kutchinjiriza mawu, kutchinjiriza kutentha, kukana kuvala, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Ma microspheres agalasi opanda kanthu akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zoyendera ndege, zinthu zosungira haidrojeni, zinthu zoyandama zolimba, zinthu zotetezera kutentha, zipangizo zomangira, ndi utoto ndi zokutira. Nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

① Ma cenospheres, omwe amapangidwa makamaka ndi SiO2 ndi zitsulo zosungunuka, angapezeke kuchokera ku phulusa la ntchentche lomwe limapangidwa popanga magetsi m'mafakitale opangira magetsi. Ngakhale kuti ma cenospheres ndi otsika mtengo, ali ndi kuyera koipa, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndipo makamaka, kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa 0.6 g/cm3, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza zinthu zoyandama kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'nyanja yakuya.

② Magalasi ang'onoang'ono opangidwa mwaluso, omwe mphamvu zawo, kuchuluka kwawo, ndi zinthu zina za fizikiki zimatha kuwongoleredwa mwa kusintha magawo a njira ndi mapangidwe a zinthu zopangira. Ngakhale kuti ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito.

Makhalidwe a Ma Microspheres a Magalasi Opanda Magalasi

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma microspheres agalasi opanda kanthu mu zinthu zolimba zoyandama sikusiyana ndi makhalidwe awo abwino kwambiri.

①Ma microspheres agalasi opanda kanthuali ndi kapangidwe ka mkati kopanda kanthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi kulemera kopepuka, kukhuthala kochepa, komanso kutentha kochepa. Izi sizimangochepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso zimawapatsa chitetezo chabwino kwambiri cha kutentha, kukhuthala mawu, kukhuthala kwamagetsi, komanso mphamvu zowunikira.

② Magalasi ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi dzenje ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, okhala ndi ubwino wa porosity yochepa (filler yoyenera) komanso kuyamwa pang'ono kwa polima ndi mabwalo, motero samakhudza kwambiri kuyenda kwa matrix ndi kukhuthala kwake. Makhalidwe amenewa amachititsa kuti zinthu zophatikizika zikhale zogawanika bwino, motero zimawonjezera kuuma kwake, kuuma kwake, komanso kukhazikika kwake.

③ Magalasi ozungulira opanda kanthu ali ndi mphamvu zambiri. Kwenikweni, magalasi ozungulira opanda kanthu ndi makoma opapatiza, otsekedwa ndi galasi ngati gawo lalikulu la chipolopolocho, zomwe zimasonyeza mphamvu zambiri. Izi zimawonjezera mphamvu ya zinthu zophatikizika pamene zikusunga kuchuluka kochepa.

Njira Zokonzekera Ma Microspheres a Magalasi Opanda Magalasi
Pali njira zitatu zazikulu zokonzekera:
① Njira ya ufa. Galasi loyamba limaphwanyidwa, chopangira thovu chimawonjezedwa, kenako tinthu tating'onoting'ono timeneti timadutsa mu ng'anjo yotentha kwambiri. Tinthuti tikafewa kapena kusungunuka, mpweya umapangidwa mkati mwa galasi. Pamene mpweya ukukulirakulira, tinthuti timakhala ngati mabwalo opanda kanthu, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito cholekanitsa mphepo yamkuntho kapena thumba la thumba.

② Njira yothira madzi. Pa kutentha kwina, yankho lokhala ndi chinthu chosungunuka pang'ono limaumitsidwa ndi spray kapena kutenthedwa mu uvuni wowongoka wotentha kwambiri, monga momwe zimakhalira pokonzekera ma microspheres okhala ndi alkaline yambiri.

③ Njira yowuma ya gel. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito ma alkoxides achilengedwe ngati zopangira ndipo imaphatikizapo njira zitatu: kukonza gel youma, kupondaponda, ndi kutulutsa thovu pa kutentha kwakukulu. Njira zonse zitatuzi zili ndi zovuta zina: njira ya ufa imapanga kuchuluka kochepa kwa mikanda, njira ya madontho imapanga ma microspheres opanda mphamvu, ndipo njira yowuma ya gel imakhala ndi mtengo wokwera wa zopangira.

Njira Yopangira Zinthu Zopangira Zinthu Zopangira Zinthu ndi Magalasi a Hollow Glass Microsphere

Kupanga chinthu cholimba cholimba komanso cholimba chokhala ndima microspheres agalasi opanda kanthu, zinthu za matrix ziyenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri, monga kukhuthala kochepa, mphamvu yayikulu, kukhuthala kochepa, komanso kukhuthala bwino ndi ma microspheres. Zipangizo za matrix zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano zikuphatikizapo epoxy resin, polyester resin, phenolic resin, ndi silicone resin. Pakati pa izi, epoxy resin ndiye yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zenizeni chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zambiri, kukhuthala kochepa, kuyamwa madzi pang'ono, komanso kuchepa kwa kuuma. Ma microspheres agalasi amatha kupangidwa ndi zinthu za matrix kudzera mu njira zopangira monga kuponya, kuyika vacuum, kuyika madzi m'malo osungiramo zinthu, kuyika tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi kuyika compression. Ndikofunikira kutsindika kuti kuti tiwongolere momwe zinthu zophatikizika zimakhalira pakati pa ma microspheres ndi matrix, pamwamba pa ma microspheres payeneranso kusinthidwa, potero kukonza magwiridwe antchito onse a zinthu zophatikizika.