nkhani

E-glass (fiberglass yopanda alkali)kupanga mu ng'anjo za tank ndi njira yovuta, yotentha kwambiri yosungunuka. Kutentha kwa kutentha ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri lowongolera, lomwe limakhudza mwachindunji mtundu wagalasi, kusungunuka bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, moyo wa ng'anjo, komanso magwiridwe antchito omaliza. Kutentha kumeneku kumatheka makamaka posintha mawonekedwe amoto ndi kukweza magetsi.

I. Kutentha Kwambiri kwa E-Glass

1. Kutentha Kosiyanasiyana:

Kusungunuka kwathunthu, kumveka bwino, ndi kugwirizanitsa magalasi a E-magalasi kumafuna kutentha kwambiri. Kutentha komwe kumasungunuka (malo otentha) nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuyambira 1500 ° C mpaka 1600 ° C.

Kutentha komwe mukufuna kutsata kumadalira:

* Mapangidwe a Batch: Mapangidwe ake enieni (mwachitsanzo, kupezeka kwa fluorine, kuchuluka kwa boron, kupezeka kwa titaniyamu) kumakhudza mawonekedwe osungunuka.

* Kapangidwe ka ng'anjo: Mtundu wa ng'anjo, kukula kwake, mphamvu yotchinjiriza, komanso kukonza zowotchera.

* Zolinga Zopanga: Mtengo wosungunuka wofunikira komanso zofunikira zamagalasi.

* Zida Zotsutsa: Kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri kwa zinthu zokanira pa kutentha kwakukulu kumachepetsa kutentha kwapamwamba.

Kutentha kwa zone kumakhala kochepa pang'ono kusiyana ndi kutentha kwa malo otentha (pafupifupi 20-50 ° C m'munsi) kuti athetse kuchotsedwa kwa thovu ndi galasi homogenization.

Mapeto ogwirira ntchito (patsogolo) kutentha kumakhala kotsika kwambiri (kawirikawiri 1200 ° C - 1350 ° C), kubweretsa galasi kusungunuka ku viscosity yoyenera ndi kukhazikika kwa kujambula.

2. Kufunika Kowongolera Kutentha:

* Kusungunula Mwachangu: Kutentha kokwanira ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zida za batch (quartz sand, pyrophyllite, boric acid/colemanite, laimu, etc.), kusungunuka kwathunthu kwa njere zamchenga, ndikutulutsa mpweya wabwino. Kutentha kosakwanira kungayambitse zotsalira za "zopangira" (tinthu tating'ono ta quartz), miyala, ndi kuwonjezereka kwa thovu.

* Ubwino wa Galasi: Kutentha kwakukulu kumalimbikitsa kumveka bwino komanso kusungunuka kwa galasi kusungunula, kuchepetsa zolakwika monga zingwe, thovu, ndi miyala. Zowonongeka izi zimakhudza kwambiri mphamvu ya fiber, kusweka, ndi kupitiriza.

* Viscosity: Kutentha kumakhudza mwachindunji kukhuthala kwa galasi losungunuka. Kujambula kwa fiber kumafuna kuti galasi lisungunuke kuti likhale mkati mwamtundu wina wa viscosity.

* Refractory Material Corrosion: Kutentha kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti ng'anjo iwonongeke kwambiri (makamaka njerwa za electrofused AZS), kufupikitsa moyo wa ng'anjo ndikuyambitsanso miyala yoyaka.

* Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu: Kusunga kutentha kwambiri ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu zamagetsi m'ng'anjo zamathanki (nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopitilira 60% zakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse). Kuwongolera kutentha koyenera kuti mupewe kutentha kwambiri ndikofunikira pakupulumutsa mphamvu.

II. Lamulo la Moto

Lawi lamoto ndi njira yayikulu yoyendetsera kugawa kwa kutentha kosungunuka, kukwaniritsa kusungunuka koyenera, ndi kuteteza kapangidwe ka ng'anjo (makamaka korona). Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikupanga malo abwino otentha ndi mpweya.

1. Zofunikira za Malamulo Ofunikira:

* Mafuta-to-Air Ratio (Stoichiometric Ratio) / Oxygen-to-Fuel Ratio (yamagetsi amafuta a okosi):

* Cholinga: Kupeza kuyaka kwathunthu. Kuyaka kosakwanira kumawononga mafuta, kumachepetsa kutentha kwa lawi, kumatulutsa utsi wakuda (mwaye) womwe umawononga magalasi osungunuka, ndikutseka zopangiranso / zosinthira kutentha. Mpweya wochuluka umatulutsa kutentha kwakukulu, umachepetsa kutentha, ndipo ukhoza kukulitsa kuwononga kwa korona.

* Kusintha: Yang'anirani bwino kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi mafuta potengera kusanthula kwa gasi (O₂, CO zilimo).E-galasing'anjo zamathanki nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mpweya wa O₂ pafupifupi 1-3% (kuyaka kwabwino pang'ono).

* Atmosphere Impact: Chiyerekezo cha mpweya ndi mafuta chimakhudzanso mlengalenga wa ng'anjo (oxidizing kapena kuchepetsa), zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zobisika pamakhalidwe a zigawo zina za batch (monga chitsulo) ndi mtundu wagalasi. Komabe, kwa E-galasi (yofuna kuwonekera kopanda mtundu), izi ndizochepa.

* Utali wa Lawi ndi Mawonekedwe:

* Cholinga: Pangani lawi lamoto lomwe limaphimba pamwamba pake, lomwe limakhala lolimba, komanso limafalikira bwino.

* Moto Wautali vs. Moto Waufupi:

* Lawi Lamoto Lalitali: Limakwirira dera lalikulu, kugawa kutentha kumakhala kofanana, ndipo kumapangitsa kuti korona azitentha kwambiri. Komabe, nsonga za kutentha kwanuko sizingakhale zokwera mokwanira, ndipo kulowa mugawo la "bowola" kungakhale kosakwanira.

* Lawi Lalifupi: Kukhazikika kwamphamvu, kutentha kwanthawi yayitali, kulowa mwamphamvu mumtanda, kumapangitsa kuti "ziwiya" zisungunuke mwachangu. Komabe, kuphimba sikuli kofanana, kumayambitsa kutenthedwa kwapafupipafupi (malo otentha kwambiri), komanso kugwedezeka kwakukulu kwa korona ndi khoma la chifuwa.

* Kusintha: Kumatheka posintha mbali ya mfuti yoyaka, kuthamanga kwamafuta/kutuluka mpweya (chiyerekezo champhamvu), ndi kulimba kwa swirl. Zowotcha zamakono zamakono nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mawotchi osinthika amitundu yambiri.

* Mayendedwe a Lawi (Ngongole):

* Cholinga: Samutsani bwino kutentha kwa batch ndi galasi kusungunuka pamwamba, kupewa kuyika lawi lamoto pa korona kapena khoma la bere.

* Kusintha: Sinthani machulukidwe (oyima) ndi ma angles (opingasa) amfuti yamoto.

* Pitch Angle: Imakhudza kuyanjana kwa lawi lamoto ndi mulu wa batch ("kunyambita batch") ndi kuphimba kwa malo osungunuka. Ngodya yomwe ili yotsika kwambiri (lawi lotsika kwambiri) limatha kusungunula pamwamba kapena mulu wa batch, zomwe zimawononga khoma la pachifuwa. Ngodya yomwe ili yokwera kwambiri (lawi lamoto lokwera kwambiri) limapangitsa kuti kutentha kuchepe komanso kutentha kwambiri kwa korona.

* Yaw Angle: Imakhudza kugawa lawi m'lifupi la ng'anjo ndi malo otentha.

2. Zolinga za Lamulo la Flame:

* Pangani Malo Otentha Kwambiri: Pangani malo otentha kwambiri (malo otentha) kumbuyo kwa thanki yosungunuka (nthawi zambiri pambuyo pa nyumba ya galu). Ili ndiye gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuwunikira magalasi ndi kufananiza, ndipo limakhala ngati "injini" yomwe imawongolera kutuluka kwa galasi kusungunuka (kuchokera pamalo otentha kupita ku charger ya batch ndi kumapeto kwa ntchito).

* Uniform Melt Surface Heating: Pewani kutenthedwa kwapadera kapena kuzizira pang'ono, kuchepetsa ma convection osagwirizana ndi "magawo akufa" chifukwa cha kutentha.

* Tetezani Kapangidwe ka Ng'anjo: Pewani kuyika lawi pa korona ndi khoma la bere, kupewa kutenthedwa komweko komwe kumapangitsa kuti dzimbiri zisawonongeke.

* Kusamutsa Kutentha Kwambiri: Kwezani mphamvu ya kutentha kowala komanso kowoneka bwino kuchokera pamoto kupita pagulu ndi galasi losungunuka.

* Stable Temperature Field: Chepetsani kusinthasintha kuti muwonetsetse kuti galasi ili bwino.

III. Integrated Control of Melting Temperature ndi Flame Regulation

1. Kutentha ndi Cholinga, Lawi ndi Njira: Lawi lamoto ndilo njira yoyamba yoyendetsera kutentha mkati mwa ng'anjo, makamaka malo otentha ndi kutentha.

2. Kuyeza kwa Kutentha ndi Ndemanga: Kuwunika kutentha kosalekeza kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma thermocouples, ma pyrometers a infrared, ndi zida zina zomwe zili pamalo ofunikira mu ng'anjo (batch charger, melting zone, hot zone, forehearth). Miyezo iyi imakhala ngati maziko osinthira lawi.

3. Makina Odzilamulira Odzichitira okha: Matani amakono akuluakulu amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri machitidwe a DCS/PLC. Makinawa amawongolera moto ndi kutentha posintha magawo monga mafuta oyenda, kutuluka kwa mpweya, kutentha kwamoto / ma dampers, kutengera ma curve omwe adakhazikitsidwa kale komanso kuyeza nthawi yeniyeni.

4. Njira Yoyenera: Ndikofunikira kuti mupeze bwino pakati pa kuonetsetsa kuti galasi ili yabwino (kutentha kwapamwamba, kumveka bwino ndi homogenization) ndi kuteteza ng'anjo (kupewa kutentha kwakukulu, kuyika kwamoto) pamene kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu.