Zipangizo za ulusi ndi zinthu zopangidwa mwaluso zopangidwa ndi nsalu kuchokera ku zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi, ndipo zili ndi kapangidwe kake kosiyana kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi zinthu zachikhalidwe zopitilira, zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi zimakhala ndi malo ambiri olumikizirana pakati pa ulusi ndi pakati pa ulusi ndi mpweya. Kulumikizana pakati pa ulusi ndi kosasunthika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yapadera yotanuka. Ma pores muzinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi amapangidwa mwachilengedwe pakati pa ulusi; zonsezi ndi ma pores odutsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma porosity amphamvu kwambiri. Ulusi ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zili ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba kwambiri komanso mainchesi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupindika ndi kusintha. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi zimakhala zosinthasintha kwambiri ndipo zimasonyeza kusinthasintha kwabwino kwa mawonekedwe.
Ulusi wa Carbon Wogwira Ntchito Kwambiri ndi Zopangira Zake
Ulusi wa kaboni, womwe nthawi zambiri umatchedwa "mfumu ya zinthu zopepuka," umaphatikiza mphamvu yayikulu ya zinthu za kaboni ndi kusinthasintha ndi kusinthika kwa ulusi wa nsalu. Ulusi wa kaboni nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mainchesi 5-7 m'mimba mwake—pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a makulidwe a tsitsi la munthu. Kuchuluka kwawo ndi kochepera kotala kuposa chitsulo, komabe mphamvu yawo ndi yowirikiza ka 5-7 kuposa chitsulo ndipo nthawi yoposa kanayi kuposa aluminiyamu. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi zinthu monga kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kuwonongeka, kuyendetsa bwino kutentha, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Poyerekeza ndi zigawo za aluminiyamu, zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi wa kaboni zimatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwa 20% mpaka 40%; poyerekeza ndi zigawo zachitsulo, zimatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwa 60% mpaka 80%.
Ulusi wa kaboni umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chinthu cholimbitsa mu zinthu zopangidwa ndi utomoni, zitsulo, ziwiya zadothi, ndi kaboni popanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi wa kaboni. Zipangizo zopangidwa ndi ulusi wa kaboni zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ulusi wa kaboni zimakhala ndi mphamvu yapadera komanso modulus yapadera pakati pa zipangizo zomwe zilipo kale.
Zipangizo Zapamwamba za Para-Aramid ndi Zopangira Zake
Ulusi wa Para-aramid (PPTA) ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pankhondo. Mphamvu yake ndi yowirikiza ka 5-6 kuposa waya wachitsulo, modulus yake yeniyeni ndi yowirikiza ka 2-3 kuposa ulusi wachitsulo kapena galasi, ndipo kulimba kwake ndi kowirikiza kawiri kuposa chitsulo, pomwe kulemera kwake ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu okha kuposa chitsulo.
Imagwira ntchito ngati zinthu zomangira zomwe zimanyamula katundu komanso ngati zinthu zothandiza polimbana ndi kutentha, kukana kuwononga zinthu, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Pakadali pano ndi imodzi mwa ulusi wachilengedwe womwe umapanga zinthu zambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapereka zinthu zabwino kwambiri monga modulus yapamwamba, mphamvu yayikulu, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana asidi ndi alkali, komanso kulemera kopepuka.
Ulusi wa para-aramid wochita bwino kwambiri ndi zinthu zake zophatikizika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polimbikitsa ulusi wa kuwala, makampani opanga magalimoto, ndege, zida zamagetsi, mayendedwe a sitima, chitetezo cha asilikali, zinthu zamasewera, ndi magawo atsopano a mphamvu.
Ulusi wa Polyethylene Wolemera Kwambiri wa Molekyulu ndi Zopangira Zake
Ulusi wa polyethylene wolemera kwambiri (UHMWPE), womwe umadziwikanso kuti ulusi wa polyethylene wolemera kwambiri, nthawi zambiri umatanthauza ulusi wopangidwa kuchokera ku ma resini a polyethylene olemera kwambiri okhala ndi kulemera kwa mamolekyu kuyambira 1 miliyoni mpaka 5 miliyoni.
Ulusi wa UHMWPE ndi woyera ndipo uli ndi kuchuluka kwa 0.97–0.98 g/cm³. Pakadali pano uli ndi mphamvu yeniyeni komanso modulus yapadera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale m'badwo wachitatu wa ulusi wochita bwino kwambiri wotsatira ulusi wa kaboni ndi aramid, komanso ulusi wochita bwino kwambiri wokhala ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri. Kudzera mu kupanga nsalu ya UD (nsalu yolunjika), ulusi wophimbidwa, ulusi wophatikizika, zingwe ndi maukonde, ndi nsalu zolukidwa, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga zida zankhondo, makampani apamadzi, chitetezo chachitetezo, nsalu, zida zamasewera, ntchito zachipatala, ndi zomangamanga.
Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha dziko lonse lapansi komanso chidziwitso chowonjezeka cha chitetezo cha dziko, mafakitale monga zida zankhondo ndi chitetezo cha chitetezo akukula mofulumira, zomwe zapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kosalekeza kwa ulusi wa UHMWPE wamphamvu komanso wogwira ntchito bwino padziko lonse lapansi.
Ma Composites Olimbikitsidwa ndi Ulusi wa Basalt
Ulusi wa basalt (BF) uli ndi mphamvu komanso kuuma kwambiri, umalimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso dzimbiri, komanso ndi wopepuka. Poyerekeza ndi zinthu zina zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, umatha kuwola, suwononga, komanso ndi woteteza chilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale wotchuka ngati "zinthu zobiriwira zamafakitale" za m'zaka za m'ma 2000. Uli ndi phindu lalikulu m'magawo monga ndege, chitetezo, ndi mayendedwe apamsewu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-03-2026
