Kusanthula kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwapadera kwa Ulusi wa Galasi mu Zida Zamankhwala za Graphite

1. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ulusi wa Galasi mu Graphite Chemical Reactors ndi Zipangizo Zina

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa ulusi wagalasi mu zida zamakemikolo za graphite ndiko kulimbikitsa zinthu kuti ziwongolere mphamvu zamakanika ndi kukana dzimbiri kwa graphite. Mfundo yayikulu ndi yakuti ngakhale graphite ili ndi kukana kutentha bwino komanso kukana magetsi, mphamvu zake zamakanika ndi kukana dzimbiri ndizofooka. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera ulusi wagalasi kumatha kukulitsa kwambiri "mphamvu zofooka" zoyambirira za zida zamakemikolo za graphite. Makamaka: Graphite ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri cholumikizira reactor chifukwa chimakhala ndi kukana kutentha bwino komanso kukana magetsi, komanso kukhazikika kwa mankhwala motsutsana ndi mankhwala ambiri. Komabe, mphamvu zamakanika za graphite yoyera sizoyenera, makamaka ikakhudzidwa ndi kugwedezeka. Mphamvu yokoka ya ulusi wagalasi ndi 3450 ÷ 10 ~ 20 = 345 ~ 172.5 kuposa ya graphite. Kuwonjezera ulusi wagalasi ngati chinthu cholimbikitsira ku graphite kumatha kusintha kwambiri mphamvu zonse zamakanika za reactor. Kuphatikiza apo, ulusi wagalasi uli ndi kukana dzimbiri kwa ma acid ambiri, alkali, ndi zosungunulira. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale graphite yokha ili ndi kukhazikika bwino motsutsana ndi mankhwala ambiri, ulusi wagalasi ukhoza kupereka kukana dzimbiri kwamphamvu m'malo ena a mankhwala otentha kwambiri komanso opanikizika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, popanga sulfuric acid m'mafakitale opanga mankhwala, riyakitala yokhala ndi graphite mkati ndi chipolopolo cha ulusi wagalasi imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa njira yopangira sulfuric acid imakhudza kutentha kwambiri ndi kupsinjika, ndipo imawononga kwambiri zida, mawonekedwe a riyakitala ndi ofunikira. Ma reactor omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zophatikizika izi samangokhala ndi kukana dzimbiri kokha, komanso amawongolera kwambiri mawonekedwe amakina chifukwa cholimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wagalasi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ntchito ikhale yotetezeka komanso yodalirika. Malinga ndi deta ya fakitale, nthawi yogwira ntchito ya riyakitala iyi ndi yoposa kawiri kuposa ma reactor achitsulo achikhalidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, ma reactor a graphite olimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wagalasi amapereka zabwino zina. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kochepa kwa kutentha kwa ulusi wagalasi, kukula kwa riyakitala kumasintha pang'ono kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kusunga zinthu zokhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika wa ulusi wagalasi, mtengo wonse wa riyakitala iyi ndi wotsika kuposa mitundu ina yambiri ya ma reactor. Kupatula ma reactor a mankhwala, mfundo yowonjezera zinthu za ulusi wagalasi pokonzekera zinthu za graphite, zosinthira kutentha za graphite ndi zida zina za mankhwala ndi zofanana, zonse cholinga chake ndi kulipira zofooka za zinthu za graphite malinga ndi mawonekedwe a makina.

2. Kusanthula Njira zaKugwiritsa Ntchito Ulusi wa Galasimu Zida Zamankhwala za Graphite

Kawirikawiri pali njira ziwiri zogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zagalasi mu zida za graphite.

(1) Kuzungulira molunjika. Ubwino wa njirayi ndi:Choyamba, zimathandiza kuti ntchito yopangira zinthu ikhale yosavuta chifukwa zidazo zimatha kumangidwa pamalo ake omaliza. Chachiwiri, pazigawo zazitali komanso zoonda, monga zipilala kapena mapaipi, kuzunguliza koyima ndikoyenera kwambiri chifukwa kungapereke kulinganiza bwino komanso kulinganiza bwino. Chachitatu, kumatha kupanga njira yopitilira yopangira, motero kumawonjezera magwiridwe antchito. Zoyipa zake ndi izi: Choyamba, pazigawo zazikulu kapena zolemera, pangafunike zida zina zothandizira kuti zisunge bata panthawi yozunguliza; chachiwiri, pangafunike malo ambiri pansi chifukwa zidazo ziyenera kuzunguliza pamalo oyima; chachitatu, pazigawo zina zovuta, kuzunguliza koyima sikungakhale kosinthasintha ngati kuzunguliza koyima;

(2) Kuzungulira mopingasa. Ubwino wa njira iyi ndi:Choyamba, pazigawo zazikulu kapena zolemera, kuzunguliza kopingasa kumapereka kukhazikika bwino popanda kufunikira kwa zomangamanga zina zothandizira; chachiwiri, kuzunguliza kopingasa kumatha kusintha mawonekedwe ovuta azigawo chifukwa kumatha kuzunguliza mbali zosiyanasiyana; chachitatu, kuzunguliza kopingasa kumathandiza kunyamula ndi kuyika zida chifukwa zigawo zimatha kupakidwa ndikunyamulidwa pamalo opingasa. Zoyipa zake ndi izi: Choyamba, pazigawo zazitali komanso zoonda, kuzunguliza kopingasa kungayambitse kuzunguliza kosagwirizana, zomwe zimakhudza kulinganiza ndi kulinganiza kwa gawo; chachiwiri, njira zogwirira ntchito zozunguliza kopingasa zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, monga kusamutsa zigawo kuchokera pamalo opingasa kupita pamalo opingasa, zomwe zingakhudze momwe ntchito ikuyendera.

Kawirikawiri, mukamagwiritsa ntchitozipangizo zagalasiMu zida za mankhwala a graphite, njira yokhota iyenera kusankhidwa mwanzeru malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Cholinga chachikulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino ntchito ya zipangizo za ulusi wagalasi ndikubwezera zofooka za zipangizo za graphite.