Zida zophatikizika zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalonda kwazaka zopitilira 50.M'magawo oyambirira a malonda, amangogwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zapamwamba monga ndege ndi chitetezo.Pomwe ukadaulo ukupitilirabe patsogolo, zida zophatikizika zikuyamba kugulitsidwa m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana ogwiritsa ntchito monga zamasewera, ndege zapagulu, magalimoto, zam'madzi, zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga.Pakadali pano, mtengo wazinthu zophatikizika (zonse zopangira ndi kupanga) zatsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zaka zam'mbuyomu, zomwe zimalola kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pamlingo waukulu pakuwonjezeka kwa mafakitale.
Zinthu zophatikizika ndi chisakanizo cha utomoni ndi utomoni mu gawo linalake.Ngakhale matrix a resin amatsimikizira mawonekedwe omaliza a kompositi, ulusiwo umagwira ntchito ngati zolimbitsa zolimbitsa gawo lophatikizika.Chiŵerengero cha utomoni ku CHIKWANGWANI chimasiyanasiyana ndi mphamvu ndi kuuma kwa gawo lofunidwa ndi Tier 1 kapena Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM).
Mapangidwe oyambirira onyamula katundu amafunikira gawo lalikulu la ulusi poyerekeza ndi matrix a resin, pamene mawonekedwe achiwiri amafunikira kotala la ulusi mu matrix a resin.Izi zimagwira ntchito ku mafakitale ambiri, chiŵerengero cha utomoni ku fiber chimadalira njira yopangira.
Makampani opanga ma yacht apanyanja akhala akuthandizira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zophatikizika, kuphatikiza zida za thovu.Komabe, idakumananso ndi kutsika, ndikuchepetsa kupanga zombo zapamadzi komanso kukwera kwazinthu.Kuchepetsa kufunikira kumeneku kungakhale chifukwa cha kusamala kwa ogula, kuchepa kwa mphamvu zogulira, ndi kugawanso zinthu zochepa kuti zikhale zopindulitsa komanso zazikulu zamalonda.Oyendetsa sitima akukonzanso zinthu zawo ndi njira zamabizinesi kuti achepetse kutayika.Panthawiyi, zombo zambiri zazing'ono zimakakamizika kuchoka kapena kupezedwa chifukwa cha kutaya ndalama zogwirira ntchito, osatha kusunga bizinesi yabwino.Kupanga mabwato akuluakulu (> 35 mapazi) kunagunda, pamene mabwato ang'onoang'ono (<24 mapazi) adakhala cholinga cha kupanga.
Chifukwa chiyani zinthu zopangidwa ndi kompositi?
Zida zophatikizika zimapereka zabwino zambiri kuposa zitsulo ndi zinthu zina zachikhalidwe, monga matabwa, popanga mabwato.Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo monga chitsulo kapena aluminiyamu, zipangizo zophatikizika zimatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwa gawo lonse ndi 30 mpaka 40 peresenti.Kuchepetsa thupi lonse kumabweretsa phindu lachiwiri, monga kutsika kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, kutsika kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafuta.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zinthu zophatikizika kumachepetsanso kulemera kowonjezereka mwa kuchotsa zomangira kupyolera mu kuphatikizika kwa chigawo.
Ma Composites amapatsanso omanga mabwato ufulu wodzipangira yekha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apange magawo okhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta.Kuonjezera apo, zigawo zophatikizika zimakhala ndi ndalama zotsika kwambiri za moyo ngati wina akuziyerekeza ndi zipangizo zopikisana chifukwa cha ndalama zochepetsera zowonongeka komanso mtengo wawo woyika ndi msonkhano chifukwa cha kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi kukhazikika Komanso kutsika.Ndizosadabwitsa kuti ma composites akulandiridwa pakati pa ma OEMs oyendetsa ngalawa ndi ogulitsa Tier 1.
Marine kompositi
Ngakhale kuti pali zofooka za zipangizo zophatikizika, malo ambiri osungiramo zombo ndi ogulitsa Tier 1 akadali otsimikiza kuti zida zowonjezera zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwato apanyanja.
Ngakhale kuti mabwato akuluakulu akuyembekezeka kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba kwambiri monga mapulasitiki a carbon fiber reinforced (CFRP), mabwato ang'onoang'ono adzakhala dalaivala wamkulu wa zofunikira zonse zamagulu apanyanja. monga carbon fiber / epoxy ndi polyurethane thovu, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ziboliboli, ma keels, ma decks, transoms, rigs, bulkheads, stringers ndi masts, Koma superyachts kapena catamarans izi zimapanga gawo laling'ono la zofunikira zonse za ngalawa.
Ngakhale kuti pali zofooka za zipangizo zophatikizika, malo ambiri osungiramo zombo ndi ogulitsa Tier 1 akadali otsimikiza kuti zida zowonjezera zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwato apanyanja.
Ngakhale kuti mabwato akuluakulu akuyembekezeka kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba kwambiri monga mapulasitiki a carbon fiber reinforced (CFRP), mabwato ang'onoang'ono adzakhala dalaivala wamkulu wa zofunikira zonse zamagulu apanyanja. monga carbon fiber / epoxy ndi polyurethane thovu, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ziboliboli, ma keels, ma decks, transoms, rigs, bulkheads, stringers ndi masts, Koma superyachts kapena catamarans izi zimapanga gawo laling'ono la zofunikira zonse za ngalawa.
Kufunika kokwanira kwa mabwato kumaphatikizapo mabwato amagalimoto (m'bwalo, kunja ndi kumbuyo), mabwato a jet, mabwato apamadzi ndi mabwato oyenda (yachts).
Mitengo ya kompositi ikwera kwambiri, chifukwa mitengo yamagalasi, ma thermosets ndi utomoni wa thermoplastic idzakwera ndi mitengo yamafuta osakanizidwa ndi ndalama zina zolowera.Komabe, mitengo ya carbon fiber ikuyembekezeka kutsika posachedwa chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kopanga komanso kupanga zina zoyambira.Koma zotsatira zake zonse pamitengo yamagulu am'madzi sizikhala zazikulu, chifukwa mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi kaboni fiber amangotengera gawo laling'ono lazinthu zam'madzi zomwe zimafunikira.
Kumbali ina, ulusi wamagalasi akadali zida zazikulu zopangira zinthu zam'madzi, ndipo ma polyesters osapangidwa ndi ma vinyl esters ndi zida zazikulu za polima.Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ipitiliza kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika wa thovu.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero, magalasi a fiber reinforced composite materials (GFRP) amapitilira 80% yazinthu zonse zomwe zimafunikira pamadzi am'madzi, pomwe zida za thovu zimakhala ndi 15%.Zina zonse ndi mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi kaboni fiber, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabwato akuluakulu komanso zovuta kwambiri m'misika yamisika.
Msika womwe ukukulirakulira wa kompositi zam'madzi ukuchitiranso umboni zazinthu zatsopano ndi matekinoloje.Otsatsa ma composites apanyanja ayamba kufunafuna zatsopano, kuyambitsa ma bio-resin, ulusi wachilengedwe, ma polyesters otsika kwambiri, prepregs otsika, ma cores ndi zida zoluka za fiberglass.Zonse ndi kukulitsa kubwezeretsedwanso ndi kusinthikanso, kuchepetsa zomwe zili mu styrene, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-05-2022