nkhani

Kodi fiberglass ndi chiyani?

Galasi la Fiberglassndi chinthu chosapangidwa ndi chitsulo chomwe sichili chachilengedwe chomwe chili ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Chimabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo chimapereka zabwino monga kutchinjiriza bwino, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri kwambiri, komanso mphamvu zambiri zamakanika.

Ulusi wagalasi umapangidwa kuchokera ku mchere monga micaceous shale, kaolin, limestone, ndi mchenga wa quartz kudzera mu njira zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo kusungunuka, kukoka, kuumitsa, ndi kupotoza kutentha kwambiri. Kukula kwa ulusi umodzi kumayambira pa ma micrometer angapo mpaka ma micrometer oposa makumi awiri, zomwe ndi zofanana ndi 1/20 mpaka 1/5 makulidwe a tsitsi la munthu.

Mwachidule, ulusi wagalasi ndi "ulusi wagalasi wopyapyala kwambiri" wochokera kugalasi kuti ukhale woonda kwambiri kuposa tsitsi la munthu.

Mitundu ya Ulusi wa Galasi

Kutengera kuchuluka kwa alkali mugalasi, ulusi wagalasi ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ulusi wagalasi wopanda alkali (E-glass), ulusi wagalasi wapakati-alkali (C-glass), ndi ulusi wagalasi wokhala ndi alkali yambiri. Pakati pa izi, galasi la E ndilo lodziwika kwambiri, lomwe limapanga zoposa 95% ya zonse zomwe makampani amapanga.

Pogwiritsa ntchito, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ulusi wagalasi wamagetsi ndi ulusi wagalasi wa mafakitale.

Zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi wagalasi wamagetsi zimaphatikizapo ulusi wamagetsi ndi nsalu zamagetsi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabolodi osindikizidwa (PCBs), ma laminate okhala ndi mkuwa (CCLs), ndi zipangizo zothamanga kwambiri, ndipo zimaonedwa kuti ndi ulusi wagalasi wapamwamba kwambiri.

Ulusi wagalasi wamagetsi nthawi zambiri umagawidwa m'magulu awiri: nsalu za m'badwo woyamba, wachiwiri, ndi wachitatu.

Nsalu za m'badwo woyamba zimapangidwa makamaka ndi ulusi wagalasi la E, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma PCB wamba komanso zamagetsi.

Nsalu za m'badwo wachiwiri ndi nsalu zagalasi za ulusi wa dielectric wotsika, wotsika (Low-Dk/Df), zokhala ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri za dielectric ndi kutayika kuposa nsalu za m'badwo woyamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizitumiza chizindikiro mokhazikika. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma PCB apakati mpaka apamwamba, ma seva apakati mpaka apamwamba, malo oyambira a 5G/6G, ndi zamagetsi zamagalimoto.

Pamene dielectric constant (Dk) ili yotsika, chizindikiro chamagetsi chimayenda mofulumira; pamene dielectric itachepa (Df), chizindikirocho chichepa, ndipo kutentha kumayamba kuchepa.

Nsalu ya m'badwo wachitatu ndi nsalu yagalasi ya Dk/Df quartz yotsika kwambiri, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti nsalu ya Q (Quartz). Imagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana pafupipafupi komanso mwachangu, ma seva a AI, mapulogalamu a RF pafupipafupi, komanso ma substrate apamwamba opakira, ndipo pakadali pano ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa ma substrate apamwamba amagetsi.

Zinthu zopangidwa ndi fiberglass zapamwamba kwambiri m'mafakitale zimaphatikizapo roving, ulusi wodulidwa, nsalu yofewa pamwamba, nsalu yolukidwa, nsalu yolunjika mbali imodzi, ndi ubweya wagalasi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga masamba a wind turbine, zipangizo zomangira, magalimoto, ndi mapaipi.

Kutengera kapangidwe ka galasi, ulusi wagalasi wa mafakitale umagawidwanso m'magulu:Galasi la E (lamagetsi), yomwe ndi yodziwika kwambiri; galasi la C (Chemical), lomwe limapereka kukana kwabwino kwa asidi ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi a mankhwala, matanki osungiramo zinthu, ndi ntchito zina zofanana; galasi la S (High-Strength)/R (Reinforcement), lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mumlengalenga, masilinda a gasi opanikizika kwambiri, ndi ntchito zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri; ndi galasi la HM (High Modulus), lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu masamba akuluakulu a turbine ya mphepo ndi ntchito zina zofanana.

Madera Ogwiritsira Ntchito Ulusi wa Galasi

Magawo akuluakulu ogwiritsira ntchito ulusi wagalasi ndi magawo awo pamsika ndi awa: zomangamanga ndi zida zomangira (25%), mayendedwe (24%), zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi (18%), kuteteza mphamvu ndi chilengedwe (14%), katundu wogula (8%), ndi zina (11%) (kuphatikiza mafakitale am'madzi, ndege, ndi ntchito zachipatala).

Izi zikuphatikizapo madera ogwiritsidwa ntchito mozungulira (zipangizo zomangira, zida zamafakitale, ndi zina zotero) komanso madera omwe akutuluka (zopepuka zamagalimoto, 5G, mphamvu ya mphepo, photovoltaics), kotero makampani opanga fiberglass ali ndi makhalidwe onse "ozungulira" komanso "okulira".

N’chifukwa Chiyani Mitengo Ikukwera?

Posachedwapa, mitengo ya ulusi wagalasi yapitirira kukwera, ndipo zinthu zina zikusowa. Izi makamaka zimayendetsedwa ndi kuphatikizana kwa zinthu zitatu zofunika: kufunikira kwakukulu, zoletsa zoperekera, ndi kukwera kwa mitengo—njira yomwe ikuwonetsa kukwera kwa mitengo mu ma memory chips.

Kumbali yofuna zinthu, kukula kwakukulu m'magawo apamwamba kwakhala choyambitsa chachikulu. Ma seva a AI awonjezera kufunikira kwa nsalu zamagetsi zapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wagalasi pa PCB iliyonse mu seva imodzi ya AI kumaposa kuwirikiza kawiri. Nthawi yomweyo, chizolowezi chofuna masamba akuluakulu a mphepo komanso kupepuka kwa magalimoto atsopano amagetsi chikuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zikuwonjezera kufunikira kwa makampani onse ndikupanga malo omwe amadziwika ndi "kusowa kwa zinthu zapamwamba komanso kusagwirizana bwino kwa zinthu zachikhalidwe."

Kumbali yopereka zinthu, kusinthasintha kochepa kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyenderana ndi kukula kwa kufunikira kwa zinthu.Opanga magalasi a fiberglassasintha zinthu zawo mwachangu, kusuntha mphamvu yachikhalidwe kupita ku nsalu yapadera ya fiberglass yapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zapangitsa kuti kuperekedwa kwa nsalu yamagetsi yokhazikika kuchepe. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yotumizira zida zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nsalu zamagetsi yapamwamba ndi yayitali ngati miyezi 18-24, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusintha kwa nyumba kukhale kosatheka kwakanthawi kochepa. Kuphatikiza ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'makampani, izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale kusalingana kwakukulu pakati pa kufunikira kwa zinthu ndi zosowa.

Kumbali ya mtengo, kukwera mtengo kwakukulu kukukakamiza makampani kukweza mitengo. Mtengo wa platinamu, womwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, wakwera kwambiri, pomwe zinthu zina monga illite zakwera limodzi, zomwe zikuchepetsa kwambiri phindu la makampani. Kukwera kwa mitengo kwakhala chisankho chosapeŵeka kuti makampani apitirize kugwira ntchito bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchepa kwa kukula kwa mphamvu zamafakitale kukuthandizira kukwera kwa mitengo.